Die DP-Hypothese: Zur strukturellen und empirischen Motivation, nominale Syntagmen als Determiniererphrasen zu analysieren
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft / Sprachforschung (fachübergreifend), Note: 1,0, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Linguistik), Veranstaltung: Nominalphrase: Artikelobligatorik und Komplementoptionalität, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nominale Syntagmen werden traditionell als Nominalphrase analysiert, deren Kopf das lexikalische Element N bildet. Diese Analyse scheint im ersten Moment im Lichte verschiedener linguistischer Theoriebereiche absolut nachvollziehbar zu sein, da Nomina aus semantischer Sicht (a) die zentralen lexikalischen Informationen des nominalen Syntagmas tragen, aus morpho-syntaktischer Sicht (b) die Kategorie Genus im Nomen inhärent ist sowie aus syntaktischer Sicht (c) zählbare Nomina im Singular einen Determinierer selegieren und (d) Nomina im Plural distributionell äquivalent zu einer vollen NP sind. Nichtsdestoweniger ist die Analyse des Nomens als Kopf der NP durchaus umstritten: So ist der Determinierer im Deutschen stärker markiert als das Nomen, was sich auf der Sprachoberfläche daran zeigt, dass das Genus am Determinierer und nicht am Nomen selbst markiert ist. Au erdem können Nomina nicht immer ohne Determinierer eine NP bilden und sind darüber hinaus auch nicht immer obligatorisch. Neben diesen Argumenten, die zweifelsohne gegen den Kopfstatus des Nomens im nominalen Syntagma sprechen, ergeben sich beim Vergleich der Strukturen von NPs mit Sätzen weitere Evidenzen, den bisherigen Kopfstatus des Nomens in der NP zu verwerfen und eine sog. funktionale Kategorie als Kopf anzunehmen. Im Sinne eines universellen Aufbaus von Phrasen ist es ein sicherlich wünschenswertes Ziel, nominale Syntagmen parallel zu Sätzen zu analysieren, wie es erstmals ABNEY (1987: 21) für das Englische vorschlägt. Mit BHATT (vgl. 1990: 18) werden auf diese Weise die strukturellen Parallelen zwischen nominalen Syntagmen und Sätzen theoretisch erfasst. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ausgehend von der strukturellen Analyse von Sätzen in einem erwe
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