Die Haltung des Forschers in der qualitativen Interviewforschung: Eine methodische Herausforderung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Methoden, Note: 1.0, Donau-Universität Krems - Universität für Weiterbildung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die qualitative Forschung zeichnet sich in Abgrenzung zu einer quantitativen Forschungsvorgehensweise vor allem dadurch aus, dass nicht der Versuch unternommen wird, Subjektivität so weit wie möglich auszuschalten. Während in der quantitativen Forschung Gütekriterien wie Objektivität und Reliabilität als Merkmale hochwertiger Wissenschaft gelten, wird an die qualitative Forschung der Anspruch gestellt, die subjektiven Faktoren des Forschers - wie etwa das Erkenntnisinteresse, das Verstehen aus Perspektive des Forschers, Vorannahmen (Präkonzepte) und Vorurteile - anzuerkennen und zu reflektieren, und diesen Reflexionsprozess transparent zu machen. In der qualitativen Forschung werden verschiedene Quellen genutzt, um Material über den Forschungsgegenstand zu sammeln. Eine beliebte Quelle ist das Interview. Bei einer solchen Kommunikations-Situation lässt sich der Forscher auf eine Begegnung mit dem zu beforschenden Subjekt ein, wobei es unweigerlich zu komplexen Dynamiken zwischen den Gesprächspartnern kommt. Typische Charakteristika menschlicher Kommunikation kommen zur Geltung, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Fremdverstehens treten zutage, zu dem gesprochenen Wort gesellen sich nonverbale Signale, wie Intonation, Pausen oder Körpersprache, die sich unweigerlich in einen Gesamteindruck des Interviewten einreihen. Während menschliche Wahrnehmung und Kommunikation nie ganz frei sein können von Erwartung und vorgefertigten Verstehensmustern gilt das erklärte Ziel der qualitativen Interviewforschung, sich im Gespräch offen zu machen, um Neues zu entdecken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden grundlegende Konzepte der qualitativen Forschung allgemein und der Interviewforschung im Besonderen dargelegt. Erkenntnistheoretische Probleme werden vertiefend erfasst, um schlie lich einige in der qualitativen Forschun
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