Die Naturzustandsfiktion bei Thomas Hobbes und Jean-Jacques Rousseau und deren Bedeutung für ihre politische Philosophie
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, Note: 1,0, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (Institut für Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die Politische Philosophie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Theorie des Gesellschaftsvertrages wird manchmal als Friedenswissenschaft bezeichnet, denn sie hat vor allem zum Ziel, die Bedingungen für die Sicherung beständigen Friedens zu bestimmen. Die Kontraktualisten behaupten, der Mensch sei kein zoon politikon; vielmehr könnte die Vergesellschaftung der Menschen erst durch souveräne Macht (Staat) erreicht werden. Die Annahme, dass die Menschen nur künstlich in die Gesellschaft integriert werden können, stellt den Ausgangspunkt für den Gesellschaftsvertrag dar. Die politische Macht, die Einrichtungen des Staates und die Souveränität des Herrschers werden dadurch legitimiert, dass der Übergang vom Naturzustand in den gesellschaftlichen Zustand für jeden Einzelnen profitabel bzw. vernünftig ist. Damit der gesellschaftliche Zustand möglich ist, müssen die Menschen von der Notwendigkeit, in diesen einzutreten, überzeugt sein. Formal gesehen ergibt sich der gesellschaftliche Zustand aus dem Gesellschaftsvertrag. Die beiden Philosophen liefern zahlreiche Argumente dafür, warum es vorteilhaft sein sollte ihn zu schlie en.
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