Die Rational Choice-Theorie und Intersubjektivität: Eine Analyse des Geltungsbereichs der rationalen Wahl als soziologische Erklärung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Klassiker und Theorierichtungen, Note: 1,0, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (Soziologie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die unbestreitbaren Schwierigkeiten, die sich bei der Konstruktion eines allgemein gültigen Erklärungsansatzes zu kollektiven Phänomenen ergeben, sind hinreichend bekannt. Esser (1999) weist darauf hin, dass soziologische Erklärungen theoretische Modelle sind, die abstrakt und daher stark vereinfacht die Strukturen der Realität beschreiben, aber nicht unmittelbar abbilden sollen (Ebd., S. 21). Jede grö ere Realitätsnähe zieht immer eine höhere Komplexität nach sich, was das Modell letztendlich unübersichtlich macht. Beispielsweise erfordert die Erweitung des Ansatzes der rationalen Wahl um affektuelles, traditionelles und wertrationales Handeln erstens die Einrichtung und zweitens die Differenzierung zwischen den verschiedenen Typen und bewirkt eine Aufblähung des analytischen Apparates zur Datenbereinigung um ein vielfaches. Andererseits stellt sich die Frage, wie viel Abstraktion sinnvolle Erklärungen zulassen. Die Entwicklung der ursprünglich ökonomischen Theorie der rationalen Wahl und deren Adaption durch die Sozialwissenschaften haben gezeigt, dass die Reduktion menschlichen Verhaltens auf rein egoistische, der monetären Bereicherung und/oder dem Ausbau persönlicher Machtbefugnisse dienende Handlungsmotivationen dem Anspruch nicht genügt, ein einfaches, universell anwendbares und gleichzeitig mit ausreichendem Erklärungspotenzial ausgestattetes Modell zu sein. Wie gezeigt werden soll, ist es unter stetiger Einflussnahme der Kritik zu einem umfangreichen, mit vielen Erklärungssträngen ausgestattetem Modell angewachsen. Es soll hierbei speziell um die Bedeutung von Intersubjektivität bei der rationalen Wahl gehen, den Einfluss des Kollektivs auf das Individuum und dessen Relevanz für die Rational Choice- Theorie. Gerade dem Erläuterungspotenzial zu gesellschaftlichen Phänomenen ei
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