Die Realität der Massenmedien als Soziales System nach Niklas Luhmann
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Medien, Kunst, Musik, Note: 1,7, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Proseminar Medien- und Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: "Was wir über unsere Gesellschaft, ja über die Welt, in der wir leben, wissen, wissen wir durch die Massenmedien." (Luhmann, S. 5) Die Diskussion über den klassischen Wahrheitsgehalt der Inhalte der Massenmedien, sozusagen ihrer Realität, betrifft "nicht die Operationsweise der Massenmedien, sondern nur ihre Selbstbeschreibung, das Fehlen einer zureichenden Reflektionstheorie." (Luhmann, S. 10) Wie kann man objektiv entscheiden, was real ist und was nicht, wenn man ständig vom Medium selbst beeinflusst und informiert wird? Die Reaktionen des Zuschauers bezüglich dieses spezifischen Mediums werden sozusagen vom Medium selbst verschoben und beeinflusst. Es konstruiert folglich eine eigene Realität, die flexibel auf sämtliche Irritationen der Gesellschaft reagieren kann, da sie mit ihr in Form einer rekursiven Schleife verbunden ist. In der folgenden Arbeit wird die Frage nach dem klassischen Wahrheitsgehalt der Massenmedien konsequent ausgeklammert. Es geht vielmehr um den eigentlichen operativen Konstruktivismus von Realität durch das Systems der Massenmedien und die Prozesse, die dabei ablaufen. Über die Annahme, die Massenmedien seien eines der Funktionssysteme der modernen Gesellschaft integriert Luhmann das Funktionsweise der Massenmedien in seine allgemeine Systemtheorie der modernen Gesellschaft. "Systemtheorie betreibt Luhmann immer als Theorie sozialer Systeme" (Kaesler S. 209) . In seinem Essay "Die Realität der Massenmedien" (1996) zerlegt Luhmann die Funktionsweise der Massenmedien in seine kleinsten Bestandteile und setzt sie dann auf der Basis seiner funktional-strukturellen Analyse als soziales System, mit seiner Wechselwirkung auf die Gesellschaft, wieder zusammen. Schwerpunkt der folgenden
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