Die Rolle der Rotgardisten in der Kulturrevolution und Positionssicherung von Maos
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Politik - Region: Sonstige Staaten, Note: 1,7, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Kulturrevolution in China (1966-1976), die auch als "Gro e proletarische Kulturrevolution" bezeichnet wird, kann als ein dunkles Kapitel in der chinesischen Geschichte angesehen werden, da Millionen Chinesen Verfolgung bis hin zur Ermordung ausgesetzt waren. Initiiert wurde die Kulturrevolution von dem Staatschef und Vorsitzenden der Kommunistischen Partei, Mao Zedong (1893-1976). Mit der Kulturrevolution verfolgte Mao zum einen, dass sich die Bevölkerung wieder stärker auf kommunistische Ideale besinnt und sich beispielsweise Einflüssen der westlichen Kultur verwehrt. Zum anderen standen für Mao auch machtpolitische Erwägungen im Mittelpunkt, da er durch die Kulturrevolution parteiinterne Gegner, die zum Teil kapitalismusfreundliche Haltungen vertraten, bekämpfen konnte. Ein zentraler Akteur in der Kulturrevolution waren die Roten Garden, die sich überwiegend aus Schülern und Studenten zusammensetzten, und zumindest in der Anfangszeit der Revolution Mao treu ergeben waren. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll nun der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Rolle die Roten Garden in der Kulturrevolution spielten, um Maos Position in der Partei zu sichern. Um hierüber Aufschluss zu erhalten, wird zunächst die parteipolitische Stellung Maos vor Beginn der Kulturrevolution sowie Maos Zielsetzung bezüglich der Kulturrevolution untersucht. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit wird die Rolle der Rotgardisten in der Kulturrevolution analysiert, indem unter anderem die Gründung der Roten Garden, ihr Verhältnis zur Partei und ihre durchgeführten Aktionen herausgearbeitet werden. Schlie lich wird eine Bewertung vorgenommen, welchen Beitrag die Rotgardisten zur Sicherung von Maos parteiinterner Position geleistet haben.
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