Die Sprachkrise und Krise des Subjekts in Hofmannsthals "Ein Brief". Die Konsequenzen für die Literatur
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Literaturwissenschaft - Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft, Note: 2.2, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (Deutsche Sprache und Literatur), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Sprachkrise des Lord Chandos in Hugo von Hofmannsthals "Ein Brief" oder auch genannt "Brief des Lord Chandos an Francis Bacon". Es handelt sich um eine Schrift an Francis Bacon, in der Lord Chandos auf seine literarische Beschäftigung verzichtet. Laut Chandos verliert er die Fähigkeit, über etwas zu sprechen und zu denken, da er glaubt, dass noch keine Sprache existiert, in der Denken und Sprechen möglich ist. Seine Zweifel aber erweitern sich aber auch bis zu der Frage, ob die Realität überhaupt mit der Sprache wiedergegeben werden kann. Der Brief stellt das Problem der hermeneutischen Perspektive da. Lord Chandos redet von einer Trennung der Sprache, des Subjekts und der Wirklichkeit. Das hat Konsequenzen auf das Subjekt. Der Mensch ist nicht in der Lage einen Zusammenhang mit der Umwelt zu haben. Das führte zur Identitätskrise und die sogenannte Krise des Ichs. Allerdings hatte die Sprachskepsis auch Einflüsse auf die Literatur. Durch die Sprachkrise entwickelten sich eine Produktivität und neue Tendenzen bei nachkommenden Autoren. Sowohl die Literatur als auch die bildenden Künste stellen die neue Wahrnehmung der Sprache dar. Hugo von Hofmannsthal zählt zu einem der bedeutendsten österreichischen Schriftsteller, der oft im Mittelpunkt der Forschung steht wegen seiner Texte. Der Brief, der 1902 in einer Berliner Zeitung veröffentlicht wurde, ist eins der wichtigsten literarischen Werke der Jahrhundertwende. Kern dieses ist die Selbstkritik, die zu dieser Zeit im Vordergrund stand und viele damalige Autoren befassten sich damit. Hofmannsthal gilt zu den Vertretern, denn das Phänomen der Sprachkrise ist in seinem fiktiven Brief deutlich zu sehen.
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