Die Syntax der Tiefenstruktur. Tesniéres Syntaxtheorie und ihr Einfluss auf heutige Ansätze
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Germanistik - Linguistik, Note: 1,0, Universität Paderborn, Veranstaltung: Syntaxtheorien, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Grundlagen von Tesnières Syntaxmodell vorzustellen und seine Möglichkeiten und Einschränkungen zu untersuchen. Dies geschieht weitgehend anhand eigener Beispiele. Das erste Kapitel ist ganz der Darstellung der Grundzüge von Tesnières Syntaxtheorie gewidmet. Anschlie end untersuche ich im zweiten Kapitel, wie zwei Linguisten, die sich als Dependenzgrammatiker verstehen, nämlich Ulrich Engel und Hans-Werner Eroms, in zwei zentralen Fragen unterscheiden, nämlich im Umgang mit Hilfsverben und dem Subjekt. Wenn heute von Dependenzgrammatik die Rede ist, dann kann man sicher sein, dass früher oder später auch der Name Tesnière fallen wird. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Namensnennung steigt noch, wenn der Begriff der Valenz ins Spiel kommt, denn schlie lich war es Tesnière, der diesen aus der Chemie stammenden Begriff auf die Grammatik übertrug. Gerade auf diesem Gebiet, das als seine eigentliche Entdeckung gelten kann, hat Tesnières Theorie bis heute nicht an Aktualität eingebü t. Während zu Fragen der lexikalischen Valenz inzwischen "eine reichhaltige Literatur" vorliegt, wie Weber in seinem "Arbeitsbuch" zur Dependenzgrammatik anmerkt, bleibt die Literatur zu anderen Fragen der Dependenz wie Konnexion, Junktion und Translation weit dahinter zurück. Die Duden-Grammatik [6/1998] widmet etwa dem Thema Valenz gleich mehrere Kapitel (Valenz des Verbs, des Adjektivs usw.), nennt aber das Stichwort "Dependenz" noch nicht einmal im Register . In der ausdrücklich "dependentiell" orientierten "Deutschen Syntax" von Heringer wird Tesnière ebenso wenig erwähnt wie Chomsky. Wenn ich Valenz und Dependenz voneinander abgrenze, so geschieht das im Bewusstsein, dass diese Trennung in gewissem Grade künstlich ist, angesichts der hohen Komplexität des Syntaxmodells ist diese Einschränkung aber
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