Die Theorie des Guten in John Rawls Theorie der Gerechtigkeit
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Ästhetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 2,3, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Egal bei welcher Handlung, es wird immer das Gute angestrebt, auch wenn der Geist, der sich ein Bestimmtes als Gutes erwählt hat, sehr subjektiv und beschränkt denkt. Hinter allem Steckt das Ziel Gutes zu tun. Selbst Diktatoren, die mit Gewalt über andere herrschen, tun dies nicht mit einer primär schlechten Absicht. Im Gegenteil, sie verfolgen ein aus ihrem Blickwinkel gutes Ziel. Da jedes Individuum so einzigartig und auf so einmalige Weise von den Einflüssen des Lebens, einer bestimmten Kultur, Religion, Familie und noch vielen Dingen mehr geprägt ist, müssen die Vorstellungen vom Guten zwangsläufig von einander abweichen. Allerdings sind viele Vorstellungen auch kongruent. Ein möglicher Grund wäre die Moral, die noch übergreifender verbindet als der Einfluss einer bestimmten Gemeinschaft. Dies klingt alles sehr persönlich, erinnert an Meldungen aus den Nachrichten, an die Werte fremder Kulturen, Lebenswünsche der Menschen die man kennt, das Leben in der eigenen Familie. Überall gibt es das Streben nach einem guten Leben, das viele Differenzen aufweist, aber in seinem Kern einige Ähnlichkeiten birgt. Diesen Kern in Worte zu fassen, ihn zu einer Formel zu schmelzen, die alle Möglichkeiten der Entfaltung in sich trägt und dennoch die Vorstellung vom Guten fassbar macht, das ist der Anspruch der Theorie des Guten. Für dieses Vorhaben macht sich John Rawls den hypothetischen Charakter des Urzustandes, zu dem der Schleier des Nichtwissens gehört, zu Nutze. Er enthebt die Urzustandsbewohner sämtlicher Kenntnis über ihre Lebensumstände, zu denen zum Beispiel der gesellschaftliche Stand, die Bildung und berufliche Qualifikation und auch der Wohnort zählen. Und dennoch: "Menschen wollen glücklich sein, ein gutes Leben führen." Subjektivität scheint hier mit Normativem zu konkur
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