Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Südafrikas unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Landwirtschaft und des Bergbaus
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Wirtschaftsgeographie, Note: 2,0, Ruhr-Universit�t Bochum, Veranstaltung: Regionale Geographie in S�dafrika, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: S�dafrika wird in seiner gegenw�rtigen Form industriell als Schwellenland bezeichnet, das einzige Land dieses Ranges im Afrika s�dlich der Sahara. Gepr�gt wurde die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung durch eine Agrar-Periode (1652 - 1867), in der ab dem Zeitpunkt der Besiedlung des Landes durch die niederl�ndische Kompanie die Landwirtschaft dominierte, eine Bergbau-Agrar-Periode (1867 - 1914), in der der Bergbau die Landwirtschaft als wich-tigsten Wirtschaftszweig abl�ste und eine Bergbau-Industrie-Periode, die ab 1914 Kennzeichen der Wirtschaft war (Steinberg 1986, S. 46 - 49). Besonders die Landwirtschaft und vor allem der Bergbau bestimmen bis in die heutige Zeit die Wirtschaft und bedeuten f�r S�dafrika eine Stel-lung als eine der gr� ten �konomien Afrikas. Die Landwirtschaft als traditio-neller Wirtschaftszweig weist durch die Kolonialzeit und die Apartheid noch deutliche Diskriminierungen zwischen wei en und schwarzen Farmern auf, was neben dem wirtschaftlichen Aspekt auch gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen hatte. Der Gold- und Diamantenbergbau haben S�dafrika von dem Status eines Entwicklungslandes gel�st und dem Sekund�ren Sektor durch die enormen Exporterl�se gro e Bedeutung verliehen. Allerdings birgt eine solche Abh�ngigkeit vom Weltmarkt auch immer Risiken in Bezug auf Krisen und Sanktionen, die dem ganzen Land Schaden zuf�gen k�nnen. Trotz der wirtschaftlichen Potentiale leben 30% der Bev�lkerung weiter in Armut und m�ssen sich durch illegale Besch�ftigungen den Lebensun-terhalt verdienen, vor allem in den Townships der Gro st�dte, die durch eine Landflucht, besonders der jungen Menschen, weiter wachsen. Mit den Auswirkungen der landwirtschaftlichen, industriellen, aber auch der sozialen Entwicklungen in S�dafrika werde ich mich in der folgen-den
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