Direktinvestitionen im internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2002 im Fachbereich Jura - Europarecht, Völkerrecht, Internationales Privatrecht, Note: 16 Punkte - Sehr gut, Universität Hamburg (Institut für internationales Wirtschaftsrecht), Veranstaltung: Seminar im internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Durch die Zunahme und das Erfordernis von grenzübergreifenden Investitionen wurden in der Vergangenheit viele Probleme aufgeworfen. So konnte insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern der Schutz der geplanten oder bereits getätigten Investition durch das nationale Recht kaum ausreichend sichergestellt werden. Zudem bestand stets die Gefahr, da ein Staat sein bisher als investitionsfreundlich geltendes Recht plötzlich zum Nachteil des Investors ändern konnte. Dieser Problematik versuchte man in der Vergangenheit auf unterschiedlichste Art und Weise zu begegnen. Zum einen wurden zwischen dem Investor und dem Gaststaat Verträge (sog. State Contracts) geschlossen1. Diese Verträge regelten die näheren Modalitäten der Investitionen in den Gaststaat und vermittelten dem Investor dadurch ein gewisses Ma an Sicherheit in Bezug auf seine Investition. Aber auch bei diesen State Contracts musste stets das nationale Recht des Gaststaates Beachtung finden. Dieses konnte beispielsweise regeln, da sämtliche State Contracts, die der Staat schlie t, zwingend dem nationalen Recht zu unterwerfen sind2. Der Investor sah sich folglich trotz des mit dem Gaststaat geschlossenen Vertrages, nach wie vor dessen nationalen Gesetzen ausgesetzt. Zudem haben viele Südamerikanische Staaten auf Grund der bei ihnen geltenden "Calvo-Doktrin" stets versucht zu vermeiden einem ausländischen Investor bessere Rahmenbedingungen für seine Investition zu schaffen als einem inländischen3. Weiterhin kam noch erschwerend hinzu, da State Contracts prinzipiell keine völkerrechtlichen Verpflichtungen des Gaststaates gegenüber dem Heimatstaat begründen4. Später hielt man es daher hinsichtlich der Absicherung von Investitionsr
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