"Doing Gender" in MINT-Fächern. Eine vergleichende Auseinandersetzung zur sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht in der Schule
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Geschlechterstudien / Gender Studies, Note: 1,0, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Unterricht in MINT-Fächern (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft, Technik) noch immer von geschlechts-basierten Differenzen geprägt ist. Als Ursache für die Geschlechterunterschiede wird häufig das Konzept des "Doing Gender" angeführt, welches auf West und Zimmerman (1987) beruht. Basierend auf ihrer Theorie, sowie Hirschauers "Un/doing Differences"-Theorie und Butlers poststrukturalistischer Theorie, untersucht diese Arbeit, wie Geschlecht in MINT-Fächern von Lehrkräften sowie von Schüler: innen sozial konstruiert wird. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand dienen die Studien von Buddes/Faulstich-Wieland 2005/06, Pauli/Lipowsky 2007 und Jungwirth 1991. An geeigneter Stelle wird auch Garfinkels Theorie der Geschlechterkonstruktion sowie Goffmans Interaktionstheorie zur Analyse hinzugezogen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass MINT-Lehrkräfte ihre Schüler: innen aufgrund ihres biologischen Geschlechts separieren. Durch das Einbringen ihrer geschlechterstereotypischen Vorstellungen tragen die Lehrkräfte zur sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht bei. Der MINT-Unterricht wird bei den Jungen motivierend und erwartungsvoll gestaltet, während der Unterricht bei den Mädchen auf niedrigerem Niveau gehalten wird. Dieses Verhalten wirkt sich wiederum auf die Schüler: innen aus, welche sich den Erwartungen der Lehrkraft anpassen und somit ebenfalls "Doing Gender" betreiben. Die Jungen trauen sich mehr zu, melden sich häufiger und kaschieren ihre Defizite. Die Mädchen verhalten sich hingegen stärker passiv und kaschieren ihre Fehler nicht. Es bleibt die Frage offen, wie weitere Instanzen zur sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht in MINT-Fächern beitragen und wie mädchenfördernde MINT-Programme mit dem Konzept des "Doing Gender" umgehen.
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