"Dolos" und "Woikeus". Unfreiheit in der Gesetzesinschrift von Gortyn
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Weltgeschichte - Frühgeschichte, Antike, Note: 1,7, Universität Rostock, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der kretischen Sklaverei in der Antike. Dabei liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf der gro en Gesetzesinschrift von Gortyn und den darin überlieferten Termini "dolos" und "woikeus" als Bezeichnung der Unfreien. Es stehen vor allem die vielfach angenommenen rechtlichen Privilegien dieser Gruppen im Fokus der Untersuchung. Bei Athenaios finden sich Begriffe für Unfreie in den kretischen Poleis. Er spricht von "chrysonetoi", "amphamiotai", "klarotai" und "mnoia". Zu der Vielfalt der Begriffe kommt erschwerend hinzu, dass die Quellenlage, zu den oben genannten, von antiken Autoren überlieferten Begriffen, nicht sehr umfassend ist. Die schriftlichen Quellen stammen zudem überwiegend aus der hellenistischen Zeit und sind folglich später datiert, als der hier angesetzte Untersuchungszeitraum. Auch wenn sie weitgehend kompatible Bilder von Unfreiheit auf Kreta liefern, sind viele der Beschreibungen inkonsistent. Eine Ausnahme bildet hingegen die Gesetzesinschrift von Gortyn. Hierin findet sich keiner der zuvor genannten Termini wieder, stattdessen ist von woikeis und doloi die Rede. Die Inschrift bietet zwar weitaus mehr Anhaltspunkte, die Rückschlüsse auf das Sklavensystem erlauben, wirft jedoch wiederum neue Probleme auf. Im Gegensatz zu den Schriftquellen, handelt es sich hierbei um eine Quelle ohne konkrete Überlieferungsabsicht.
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