Dynamische Integrität Von Datenbanken: Grundlagen Der Spezifikation Und Überwachung
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Aufgabe des Datenbank-Entwurfs ist es, nicht nur die statische Struktur, sondern auch das dynamische Verhalten eines Datenbanksystems zu spezifizieren. Um festzulegen, welche Folgen von Datenbankzuständen zulässig sind, gibt man dynamische Integritätsbedingungen an. Komplementär dazu bestimmen Transaktionen als Grundbausteine von Anwendungsprogrammen die ausführbaren Zustandsfolgen. Diese Monographie stellt zwei Ansätze zur Überwachung der dynamischen Integrität von Datenbanken vor. Es werden theoretische und algorithmische Grundlagen sowie die beim Datenbank-Entwurf erforderlichen Vorbereitungen behandelt. Die Verfahren werden anhand eines durchlaufenden Standardbeispiels demonstriert. Spezifiziert werden Integritätsbedingungen durch Formeln einer temporalen Logik und Transaktionen durch Vor-/Nachbedingungen; die Semantik dieser Kalküle wird im Buch eingeführt. Aus temporalen Formeln lassen sich Transitionsgraphen konstruieren, deren Pfade den zulässigen Zustandsfolgen entsprechen. Daher dienen die Graphen einerseits als Ablaufsteuerung eines universellen Monitors, der die Analyse von Zustandsfolgen auf zustandslokale Prüfungen zurückführt. Andererseits kann man anhand der Graphen Integritätsbedingungen systematisch in Vor-/Nachbedingungen von Transaktionen transformieren, so da jede ausführbare Zustandsfolge zulässig wird. Das letztere Vorgehen bereitet eine effiziente transaktionsangepa te Überwachung vor und führt zu einer Spezifikation von Datenbankverhalten durch schrittweise Verfeinerung.
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