Edward Gibbons Araber - Herkunft, Bedeutung und Wirkung im Kontext des europäischen Orientbildes der Spätaufklärung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 1998 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Länder - Neuzeit, Absolutismus, Industrialisierung, Note: 1,7, FernUniversität Hagen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nach Glasnost und der Auflösung des Sowjet-Systems im modernen Weltsystem ist im Abendland ein religiös-kultureller Weg beschritten worden, auf dem "der Orient", "der Araber" und "der Islam" wieder stärker ins Visier der Feindbildproduktion gerieten, womit Fragen nach der europäischen, d.i. westlichen Wahrnehmung dieses "Orients" auch in geschichtlicher Perspektive aktueller kaum sein könnten. Die Arbeit untersucht die 2. Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel Edward Gibbons daraufhin, wodurch diese Wahrnehmung in der Periode der Aufklärung spezifisch gekennzeichnet war, wobei die Frage nach der Besonderheit des Beitrags Gibbons zum abendländischen Arabienbild den roten Faden liefert. Eingangs wird der materiale Gehalt von Gibbons "The Coming of Islam"-Kapitel sowie dessen Stellung innerhalb des gesamten Epos vom "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" referiert. Fast von selbst drängt sich dabei der literarische Kontext im spätaufgeklärten Europa auf: Die verschiedenen Erfindungen von Orientalen, Muslimen, Arabern (neben Gibbon tragen -nur z.B.- Gallands 1001 Nacht, Beckfords Vathek, Voltaires Mahomet, Mozart, Puccini oder auch Lady Montagu dazu bei) zwischen "Sarazenen" und "Türken", aber auch Edlen Wilden und Indianern; Um einen genaueren Begriff von Gibbons "Arabern" zu gewinnen, ist unabweisbar der politische Kontext im Zentrum des britischen Empire vor seinem historischen Hintergrund zu berücksichtigen: dem Siebenjährigen "Weltkrieg", den Problemen mit unruhigen Kolonien (Amerika, Indien, Irland), der französisch-revolutionären Herausforderung und v.a. Gibbons eigene Stellung in politischer Hinsicht. In einem dritten Schritt müssen wir den scheinbar unpolitischen Literaten, der als Historiker des Römischen Reiches unsterblich wurde, kritisch in einen geschichtswissenschaftlic
Jürgen Krämer, M.A., Historiker (moderne außereuropäische Geschichte), Betreiber von orientalismus.info, freiberuflicher Fortbildner und Dozent im Bereich historische und theoretische Grundlagen eurozentrischer Fremdwahrnehmung und interkultureller Kompetenz. Seit mehreren Jahren zudem in Ligurien mit einem agrarökologischen Praxisprojekt aktiv (agrarökologie.info), wo Ansätze der Subaltern Studies mit Partisanengeschichte und ländlicher Resistenz verknüpft werden.
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