El Chacho
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Domigo Faustino Sarmiento comienza a escribir El Chacho mientras reside en Estados Unidos como representante del gobierno argentino, y lo hace con el propósito de incluirlo en el mismo volumen de la 3a edición del Facundo que aparecerá en Nueva York durante el último tramo de su campaña presidencial.
Este es un texto provocativo y desafiante, y cabe preguntarse qué le llevó a Sarmiento publicar en 1868 la historia de Vicente Peñaloza, un general de la Nación asesinado cinco años antes, vencido, prisionero y desarmado, mientras el coronel Sarmiento combatía la montonera desde el gobierno de San Juan.
Ángel Vicente Peñaloza, más conocido como el Chacho Peñaloza se rindió al comandante Ricardo Vera en Loma Blanca, paraje aledaño al pueblo de Olta, entregándole su puñal, la última arma que le quedaba. Una hora más tarde llegó Irrazábal y de forma vengativa lo asesinó con su lanza, y a continuación hizo que sus soldados lo acribillaran a balazos.
Al Chacho le cortaron la cabeza y la clavaron en la punta de un poste en la plaza de Olta en presencia de su familia. Una de sus orejas presidió por mucho las reuniones de la clase civilizada de San Juan. A Victoria Romero, su esposa, la obligaron a barrer la plaza mayor de la ciudad de San Juan, atada con cadenas.
Al conocer la noticia, Sarmiento escribió al presidente Mitre:
No sé qué pensarén de la ejecución del Chacho, yo inspirado en los hombres pacíficos y honrados he aplaudido la medida precisamente por su forma, sin cortarle la cabeza al inveterado pícaro, las chusmas no se habrían aquietado en seis meses.
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracin (1811-1888). Argentina. Hijo de Jose Clemente Sarmiento, soldado del ejercito del San Martin, y de Paula Zoila Albarracin. Tuvo quince hermanos, solo sobrevivieron seis. En 1816 ingreso en la Escuela de la Patria. Estudio latin a los trece anos, doctrina cristiana y geografia y trabajo para un ingeniero frances. La Autobiografia de Benjamin Franklin influyo en el. En 1828 entro en el ejercito a favor de los unitarios. Escribio mucho y con autoridad sobre temas militares. Se distinguio en el combate de Niquivil y sufrio arresto domiciliario hasta que en 1831 marcho a Chile. Alli fue minero durante tres anos. Sin embargo, continuo sus estudios y tradujo obras de Walter Scott. En 1842 el gobierno de Chile lo nombro director y organizador de la primera Escuela Normal de Preceptores de Santiago de Chile. Escribio en la prensa chilena bajo la influencia de Larra. Viajo a Madrid;Argel, Italia, Suiza, Alemania, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos y Canada. Poco despues se caso con Benita Martinez Pastoriza. Fue representante de Argentina en los Estados Unidos. Estuvo tres anos alli y se intereso por conocer su democracia, que habia apreciado en su viaje anterior. En 1880 fue candidato a la presidencia de la republica. El 8 de mayo de 1888 marcho a Paraguay en busca de un ambiente propicio para su salud. Murio unos dias despues.
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