Funktionale und personale Einkommensverteilung, Verteilungsmaße: Primäre Einkommensverteilung, Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikroökonomie, allgemein, Note: 1,3, Technische Universität Berlin (Wirtschaft und Management), Veranstaltung: Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Einkommensverteilung beschreibt die tatsächliche oder rechnerische Verteilung der Gesamteinkommen, die in einer Volkswirtschaft innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums erzielt wurden. Die Zusammenfassung (Aggregation) der Einkommen zum Volkseinkommen kann nach funktionalen und personalen Gesichtspunkten vorgenommen werden (vgl. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung 2004). Als Einkommen selbst bezeichnet man umgangssprachlich Einnahmen eines Privathaushalts. In der Volkswirtschaftslehre stellt das Einkommen sowohl in der Mikroökonomie als auch in der Makroökonomie eine zentrale Grö e zur Messung der ökonomischen Wohlfahrt dar. Das Einkommen ermöglicht einem Privathaushalt, über Konsum heute und Sparen für die Zukunft seinen Wohlstand zu vergrö ern. Verteilungsma e sind solche Werte, die nicht jede einzelne Merkmalsausprägung innerhalb einer Verteilung betrachten, sondern die tendenzielle Verteilung der einzelnen Merkmalsausprägungen insgesamt am besten beschreiben (vgl. Wittwer, 2007, S.6). In der Verteilungstheorie ist eine Vielzahl von Verteilungsma en mit recht unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften entwickelt worden. Jedes Messkonzept impliziert normative Setzungen in Form der jeweils unterstellten sozialen Wohlfahrtsfunktion. Dies äu ert sich in unterschiedlicher Sensitivität der Indikatoren auf Verteilungsänderungen in bestimmten Einkommensbereichen, so dass zur Abdeckung einer Bandbreite subjektiver Wertvorstellungen mehrere Ungleichheitsma e berechnet und ausgewiesen werden (vgl. Becker / Hauser, 2003, S. 61). Im Folgenden werden die funktionale sowie die personale Einkommensverteilung ausführlich erläutert, deren wichtigsten Verteilungsma e vorgestellt, erklärt und deren Vor- und Nachteile erläutert.
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