Geschlecht als soziales Konstrukt der Gesellschaft.: Ist die Zweigeschlechtlichkeit unserer Gesellschaft nur eine Illusion?
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Familie, Frauen, Männer, Sexualität, Geschlechter, Note: 2,0, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Betrachtet man die heutige Gesellschaft Europas, so lässt sich eine Binarität der Geschlechter feststellen, welche dem Alltagsdenken der Menschen zufolge auf den natürlich vorgegebenen dichotomen biologischen Gegebenheiten gründet. Alle Individuen westlicher Kulturen werden von Geburt an aufgrund ihrer primären Geschlechtsmerkmale in zwei Geschlechter unterschieden und gehören resultierend ihr Leben lang entweder der Kategorie der Frau oder der Kategorie des Mannes an. Diese selbstverständliche binäre Differenzierung, die ihren Ursprung in der Biologie findet, die es wiederum als ultimative Wahrheit anzusehen gilt, soll in dieser Arbeit in Frage gestellt werden. Es soll stattdessen aufgezeigt werden, dass die Geschlechtszugehörigkeit von den Gesellschaftsmitgliedern selbst konstruiert wird. Herangezogen werden dazu unter anderem zwei Phänomene, die die Grundüberzeugung der europäischen Gesellschaft herausfordern; die Intersexualität und die Transsexualität, wobei letztere sich seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts in den westlichen Kulturen etablieren konnte (vgl. Hirschauer 1993: 9). Obwohl in westlichen Gesellschaften die Theorie der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit, also eine biologisch fundierte, dichotome Unterscheidung von Mann und Frau, fest in ihrem Alltagsdenken verankert ist, soll in dieser Arbeit anhand des Hermaphroditismus und einer Transsexuellen-Studie gezeigt werden, dass die binäre Differenzierung von Geschlecht sowie das Geschlecht selbst lediglich ein soziales Konstrukt der Gesellschaft ist. Thematisiert werden: die Alltagstheorie der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit, die konstruktivistische Sichtweise der sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht, das Verhältnis von Biologie und Kultur bei der Geschlechterdifferenzierung, das Konzept des "doing gender", Beispiele der Inter- und Transsexualit
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