This open access book presents the high-precision Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning technique of global navigation satellite systems, including its development, principle, implementation, applications and recent innovations. As the highlights of this book, various extensions of the RTK technique are introduced with emphasis on their features to overcome different challenges of different applications. The applications include the positioning with few reference stations available in a large scale of area, the positioning requiring instant convergence, the positioning at sea without normal communication, the high-precision positioning and attitude determination of rigid objects, the positioning with low-cost chip in the canyon environments. The mathematical models of different extended RTK techniques are derived in a unified framework. The characteristics of different RTK extensions are vividly compared with each other based on diagrams. The demonstration application and experimental results of each RTK extension are introduced. In brief, this book provides comprehensive outdoor high-precision positioning solutions for different scientific, engineering and social applications. It is suitable for readers who need or are interested in the high-precision positioning technique.
Dr. Bofeng Li received his B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Geodesy with distinction from Tongji University, Shanghai, China in 2005 and 2010, respectively. He studied in Queensland University of Technology, Australia as a joint student from 2007 to 2010. He has an experience of Post-Doc in Curtin University Australia from 2010 to 2013. Since May 2013, Dr. Li has been in College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University as a Full Professor.
Dr. Li is previously the dean of the College of Surveying and GeoInformatics, Tongji University, China. He focuses the fundamental theory and new technology development on the GNSS precise positioning, precise orbit determination, as well as multi-sensor integrated seamless navigation. Since then, Dr. Li has published more than 200 peer-reviewed technical papers in international journals and conferences. He was recognized as one of the top 2% of scientists globally for five consecutive years (2020-2024) and was named a highly cited researcher in China by Elsevier for four consecutive years (2021-2024). He served as a committee of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG-ICCT) and as the leader of the IAG (ICC-JSG 5.3) working group. Additionally, He is an editorial board member of the international journals "Journal of Geodesy" and "Satellite Navigation." He was a recipient of many awards, including the ION-GNSS Outstanding Graduate Paper Award in 2008, the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award for Outstanding Graduate Achievements in Shanghai in 2012, and a nomination for the National Top 100 Outstanding Doctoral Dissertations Award in 2012. Dr. Zhetao Zhang is an Associate professor at Hohai University, China. He has been engaged in the theory, methods, and applications of satellite precise positioning and multi-sensor navigation, and has achieved innovative and practical results in the field of PNT under complex conditions such as harsh observation environments, multi-source data scenarios, and low-cost receivers, etc. He has authored over 100 peer-reviewed journal articles. Dr. Zhetao Zhang is an IEEE Senior Member and serves as an Associate Editor for Advances in Space Research. He is also a Member of the Joint Study Group (JSG T.41), the Joint Working Group (JWG 5.4), and the Working Group (WG 4.2.3) in IAG. His doctoral thesis won the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation of GNSS and LBS Association of China and the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation of Tongji University, respectively. Dr. Weikai Miao is a researcher at the College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, China, and is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow there. His main research focuses on the GNSS precise positioning and navigation, with an emphasis on the theory and application of ambiguity resolution, the ionosphere modeling, and low-cost (e.g., smartphone) high-precision localization under the interference of complex spatial errors. He was a visiting Ph.D. student at the University of Calgary. He has published more than 10 papers in many peer-reviewed journals as the main author or co-author, including Journal of Geodesy and IEEE Internet of Things Journal, etc.
