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Grammatik und Höflichkeit im Sprachvergleich
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Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist, Höflichkeit als ein Phänomen zu beschreiben, das mit seinen vielfältigen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten unterschiedliche Funktionen erfüllt. Während in der umfangreichen Literatur zur Höflichkeit traditionell davon ausgegangen wird, dass diese im Wesentlichen der Vermeidung interpersonaler Konflikte dient, zeigt die sprachvergleichende Analyse direktiver Handlungsspiele im Deutschen und Koreanischen weitere Funktionen auf, die in Abhängigkeit von Handlungsfunktionen und situativen Bedingungen zu beschreiben sind. Dabei ist Höflichkeit in der ostasiatischen und westeuropäischen Kultur teilweise unterschiedlich motiviert. Während es in der koreanischen Kultur vor allem darauf ankommt, den Anderen als Teil des gesellschaftlichen Ganzen zu achten, gilt es in der abendländischen Kultur, die individuelle Freiheit des Einzelnen zu respektieren. Um die vielfältigen Faktoren, die die Höflichkeit im Sprachgebrauch beeinflussen, in die Analyse integrieren zu können, wurde als theoretisches Fundament das von Edda Weigand entwickelte, offene Modell des dialogischen Handlungsspiels gewählt. So lassen sich im Rahmen einer kommunikativen Grammatik die unterschiedlichen Ausdrucksformen der Höflichkeit konkret beschreibbaren Funktionen zuordnen. Die Studie trägt so dazu bei, die menschliche Kompetenz-in-der-Performanz für den Bereich des höflichen Sprachgebrauchs in verschiedenen Kulturen besser zu verstehen.
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