Grundeinkommen und Menschenbild: Empirische Befunde aus dem freiwilligen Engagement
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Sozialpsychologie, Note: 1,3, Universität Leipzig (Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Angesichts der strukturellen Krise der Lohnarbeit und den damit verbundenen sozialen Sicherungssysteme, ist in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmend grö er werdende Debatte um ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen entstanden. Hierbei konkurieren in der Regel zwei Menschenbilder miteinander. In einem Fall wird der Mensch von Kritikern als grundlegend faul dargestellt. Ohne den Zwang durch Lohnarbeit die Existenz zu sichern würde er auch nicht arbeiten. Es bedarf also einer externen Motivation- neben dem Lohn kann das auch Überwachung oder Bestrafung sein. Das Gegenstück zu diesem Menschenbild sieht den Menschen als Sinn und Zweck suchend. Dieser Lebenssinn ist die Arbeit oder besser die Tätigkeit im weiteren Sinne. Hierbei ist er "von Natur aus leistungsbereit und von innen motiviert " Die Arbeit ist dabei Quelle der Zufriedenheit und Selbstverwirklichung. Dem Menschen werden Verantwortung, Eigeninitiative, Kreativität und ein hohes Vermögen an Verstandeskraft zugestanden.Die Frage die sich mir nun stellte, war ob sich dieses positive Menschenbild fundiert belegen lässt. Also ob es Situationen gibt in denen Menschen ohne externe Zwänge Arbeit um ihrer Selbst willen ausüben. Nach weiteren Überlegungen kam ich zu dem Schluss, dass das Ehrenamt und freiwilliges Engagement anscheinend, jedenfalls meinem Alltagsverständnis nach, den Bedingungen der Arbeit um ihrer selbst willen entsprechen. Hierbei wäre also erst einmal zu zeigen was in der Literatur unter Ehrenamt und freiwilligem Engagement verstanden wird. Dann werde ich anhand der grö ten und bedeutensten Studie zum Thema, dem Freiwilligensurvey des BMFSFJ (Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend) aus dem Jahre 1999, einen Überblick über das Feld der Freiwilligkeit geben. Weitere empirische Untersuchungen f
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