Grundlagen des biologischen Konstruktivismus bei Maturana und Varela in ihrer Erkenntnistheorie
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Klassiker und Theorierichtungen, Note: sehr gut, Europa-Universität Flensburg (ehem. Universität Flensburg) (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Seminar zur Systemtheorie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1. Einleitung In den siebziger und achtziger Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts formulierten der chilenische Neurophysiologe Humberto Maturana und sein studentischer Zögling und späterer wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter Francisco Varela eine biologisch-konstruktivistische Theorie des Erkennens. Maturana und Varela vertraten in ihren Publikationen die These, dass die Realität in einem objektiven Sinne nicht existent ist, sondern allein ein Produkt unserer Art der Sinneswahrnehmung. Weiterhin beschreiben sie Lebensformen als komplexe Systeme, die die Eigenschaft der Autopoiese aufweisen. Diese Grundlagen einer biologischen, konstruktivistischen Systemtheorie nahm auch der deutsche Soziologe Niklas Luhmann zur Kenntnis, die ihm als Anregung und Ideengeber für seine soziologische Systemtheorie dienten. In diesem Referat versuchen wir die Ideen Maturanas und Varelas zu skizzieren, aus denen sich späterhin Bezüge zur Luhmannschen Systemtheorie ergaben. Dabei beziehen wir uns hauptsächlich auf das Werk "Der Baum der Erkenntnis - Die biologischen Wurzeln des menschlichen Erkennens" der beiden oben genannten Autoren, ohne das Buch zu reproduzieren. Es ist nicht Anliegen dieses Referates, Bezüge und Analogien zwischen Maturana/Varela und Luhmann beziehungsweise deren Theoriegebäuden zu verdeutlichen. [...]
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