Hamas und Rationalität: Untersuchung über die Strategien und Ziele der Bewegung
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Individuum, Gruppe, Gesellschaft, Note: 1,7, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Theorien der Gruppensolidarität, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Was treibt Selbstmordattentäter der Hamas zu ihren Taten? Je nach Standpunkt werden etwa westlicher (Kultur-)Imperialismus, der Islam an sich oder eine auswegslose Situation wirtschaftlichen Elends als Ursachen angesehen. Dabei wird oft vermutet, dass die Täter aus Hass auf die westliche Welt beziehungsweise in vermeintlich göttlichen Mission sich ereifernd, bar jeglicher Rationalität, handeln. Lawrence Iannaccone untersuchte kirchliche Konfessionen und Sekten in den USA. Er untersuchte, wie radikale Kirchengemeinden und Sekten es schaffen, dem Problem der massiven Kirchenaustritte erfolgreicher zu widerstehen als moderatere Konfessionen. Dazu modellierte er Sekten als "religiöse Clubs", die kollektive Güter, wie Gemeinschaft und Spiritualität, herstellen. Er zeigte, dass radikale Gemeinden das Problem des Trittbrettfahrens besser lösen, indem sie mögliche säkulare Alternativen zum Engagement der Mitglieder in und für die Sekte einschränken. Aufbauend auf Iannaccones Analyse der amerikanischen Konfessionen wird in dieser Arbeit die Rekrutierung und Mitgliedschaft in der Hamas im Zeitraum bis 2005 untersucht. Ich stelle die etwas provokative These auf, dass es im Interesse der Hamasführung liegt, die Mitglieder in Elend, Verzweiflung und Ausweglosigkeit leben zu lassen. Unter diesen Bedingungen unterstützen sie am stärksten die Bewegung mit ihrer Ideologie und haben wenig Anreize zum Trittbrettfahren. Der theoretische Unterbau des hier verfolgten Ansatzes liegt in der Clubtheorie (James Buchannan). Im ersten Teil werden die Charakteristika von kollektiven Gütern und die Clubtheorie in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt. Weiter erkläre ich Iannaccones Ansatz bei der Untersuchung von amerikanischen Sekten mittels Anwendung der Clubtheorie. Drittens f
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