Historia de la nación Chichimeca
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Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl terminó esta Historia de la nación chichimeca hacia 1640. El título se debe a Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, quien fue propietario del Manuscrito.
Lorenzo Boturini, otro propietario del original, lo llamó Historia general de la Nueva España. Hay evidencia de que la Historia de la nación chichimeca formó parte de un texto más amplio que se ha perdido, o acaso no fue terminado.
En 1891 Alfredo Chavero publicó y comentó los libros de Ixtlilxóchitl con el título de Obras históricas.
El relato se inicia con la creación del mundo, según la tradición indígena, y llega hasta la conquista castellana. Por desgracia, las versiones que se han conservado están incompletas. El relato de la conquista en esta obra termina repentinamente en el capítulo que narra las últimas batallas para la toma de Tenochtitlan.
La obra, fiel reflejo del mestizaje cultural y racial del virreinato, está construida y pensada conforme a los moldes de la historiografía europea, pero los datos que expone se basan en las antiguas pinturas o códices pictográficos. Este interesante compendio responde a unos motivos muy concretos: un nuevo nacionalismo y la construcción de la identidad de México, entre los novohispanos del siglo XVI.
No debe extrañar, pues, que no se encuentren en esta crónica indiana vencedores ni vencidos. Para Ixtlilxochitl,
el chichimeca Xolotl, un salvaje similar al bárbaro europeo,
Nezahualcoyotl, el refinado príncipe mexicano,
o Juan Pérez de Peraleda, padre del autor, eran mexicanos antes que españoles o indios nahua.
El proyecto historiográfico de Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl tuvo como misión construir una imagen extraordinaria y precristiana del pueblo texcocano. Por ello inició su trayecto con los chichimecas y finalizó con la fraternidad hacia el conquistador.
Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl (1578-1650) pertenece a un grupo de escritores de sangre indígena. Entre ellos están
Fernando de Alvarado Tezozómoc,
Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin,
Diego Muñoz y Camargo
y Juan Bautista Pomar.
En sus obras, estos autores trataron de construir la historia de sus respectivas regiones. Querían situarlas en un lugar preponderante, exaltando las virtudes de sus pueblos, con el objetivo de alcanzar beneficios dentro de sus contextos coloniales.
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