Humes Existenzphilosophie im Vergleich mit moderner Ontologie am Beispiel Quine: Inwiefern waren Humes Überlegungen relevant für die heutige Ontologie
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Sonstiges, Note: 1,3, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Institut für Philosophie II), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die theoretische Philosophie David Humes, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der schottische Philosoph David Hume war rückblickend betrachtet einer der wichtigsten Philosophen seiner Zeit und ist auch heute noch mit eine der grö ten Vorzeigefiguren des Empirismus. Aus seinen beiden Werken "Traktat über die menschliche Natur" und "Eine Untersuchung über den menschlichen Verstand" gehen Thesen und Meinungen zu beinahe allen Bereichen der Philosophie hervor. So auch zu der Ontologie, einer philosophischen Teildisziplin, die sich mit der Frage beschäftigt, was es gibt und was als existierend anerkannt werden kann und darf. Hume behandelt im sechsten Abschnitt des Traktats die Vorstellung der Existenz und offenbart den Lesern somit seine eigene existenzphilosophische Theorie. Inwiefern Humes Gedanken für die moderne Ontologie relevant sind oder diese beeinflussten, wird in dieser Arbeit thematisiert. Zunächst wird Humes empirischer Atomismus kurz begreiflich gemacht, woraufhin seine "Vorstellung über die Existenz überhaupt und der äu eren Existenz insbesondere" zusammengefasst und erläutert wird. Darauf folgt eine Darstellung der Ontologie des US-amerikanischen Philosophen Willard Van Orman Quine, auf Basis seines Textes "On what there is" (Was es gibt), deren Ausführung danach mit Humes Existenzphilosophie verglichen wird. Bei dem Vergleich wird überprüft, ob Humes Gedankengänge, mit Blick auf Quines Ontologie und den Voraussetzungen, die eine Ontologie laut ihm zu erfüllen hat, noch in modernen Theorien vertretbar sind, oder sich im Laufe der Zeit als hinfällig herausstellten. Dafür werden zunächst die Grundgerüste von Humes und Quines Philosophie des Seins einander gegenübergestellt, woraufhin untersucht wird, ob Humes Ausarbeitungen bezüglich der Existenz den Voraussetzungen einer modernen Ontologie gerecht
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