Infraestruturas financiadas por recursos naturais
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Nas �ltimas d�cadas, os pa�ses em desenvolvimento ricos em recursos t�m utilizado os seus recursos naturais como garantia colateral para ter acesso a fontes de financiamento para o investimento, contrabalan�ando assim as barreiras com que se deparam no acesso a empr�stimos banc�rios convencionais e a mercados de capital. Um dos modelos de financiamento que surgiu desta situa��o foi o modelo de Infraestruturas Financiadas por Recursos (RFI), uma adapta��o dos anteriores modelos de empr�stimos garantidos pelo petr�leo promovidos por v�rios bancos ocidentais em �frica. Num acordo de RFI, o empr�stimo para a constru��o de uma infraestrutura � titularizado pelo valor actual l�quido de um fluxo de receitas futuras provenientes da extrac��o de petr�leo ou de minerais. O modelo tem sido aplicado em v�rios pa�ses africanos, num valor contratual cumulativo de cerca de USD 30 000 milh�es, de acordo com fontes � disposi��o do p�blico. Este relat�rio, composto de um estudo preparado pelos especialistas mundiais em financiamento de projectos Hunton and Williams LLP e de coment�rios de seis economistas e formuladores de pol�ticas de renome internacional, apresenta uma discuss�o anal�tica da contrata��o de infraestruturas financiada pelos recursos naturais (RFI) numa perspectiva de financiamento de projectos. O relat�rio visa servir de f�rum para uma discuss�o aprofundada e de base para uma investiga��o adicional sobre o papel, riscos e potencial do modelo RFI sem qualquer inten��o de apresentar um ponto de vista sustentado pelo Banco Mundial relativamente � contrata��o RFI. Foi motivado pela convic��o de que, se os pa�ses quiserem continuar a procurar RFI ou a receber propostas n�o solicitadas de RFI, cabe �s autoridades p�blicas fazer a distin��o entre bons e maus neg�cios, fazer um julgamento sobre compromissos inevit�veis e actuar em conformidade. O relat�rio visa oferecer uma base para desenvolver indica��es sobre o modo como se podem fazer neg�cios RFI sujeitos ao mesmo grau de escrut�nio p�blico que qualquer outro instrumento, atrav�s do qual um governo de um pa�s de rendimento baixo ou de rendimento m�dio-baixo possa procurar mobilizar financiamento ao desenvolvimento.
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