Institutionen. Grundlagen, Entstehung und Funktionen
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Allgemeines und Grundlagen, Note: 2,0, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität - Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der Einführung seines Buches schreibt Mateusz Stachura (2009, 8), dass eine "gültige Erklärung sozialen Handelns (...) Annahmen über Institutionen zwingend" voraussetzt. "Ohne Kenntnis der Handlungsregeln lässt sich schlicht kein soziales Handeln erklären" (ebd.). Was aber sind Institutionen? Wie entstehen diese und was für eine Funktion erfüllen sie? Diese Fragen sollen in der vorliegenden Arbeit geklärt werden. Zunächst wird im Kapitel "Kulturanthropologische Grundlagen" darauf eingegangen, was den Menschen vom Tier unterscheidet. Dazu wird vor allem auf Goldschmidt Bezug genommen. Charakteristika des Menschen, wie die Dinge herstellen zu können, zu lernen, zu sprechen und Wissen zu reproduzieren werden dargestellt. Weiterhin wird hier die Instinktreduziertheit des Menschen und die Bedeutung der Kultur für diesen erwähnt. In dem sich anschlie enden Abschnitt wird die kulturanthropologische Notwendigkeit von Institution anhand des Prozesses des Aufwachsens erklärt und in Beziehung zur Kultur gestellt. Das nachfolgende Kapitel befasst sich mit der Entstehung und der Funktion von Institutionen. Dazu wird im ersten Abschnitt eine Definition des Begriffes "Institution" aufgestellt. Dieser wird anschlie end vom Begriff der "Organisation" abgegrenzt; eine Differenzierung zu den Begriffen der "Norm" und der "Rolle" wird vorgenommen. Weiterhin wird der Prozess der Institutionalisierung nach Berger und Luckmann näher betrachtet. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt hier insbesondere der Typisierung und Habitualisierung von Handlungen und dem Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden. Anschlie end folgt ein Abschnitt zu den Funktionen von Institutionen. Im letzten Kapitel schlie t ein Fazit die Arbeit ab, indem wesentliche Punkte der Arbeit zusammenfassend noch einmal aufgegriffen werden.
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