Inwiefern eignet sich Lockes Eigentumstheorie zur Legitimation von Reichtum?
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Ästhetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 1.15, Universität Hamburg (Philosophie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Demokratie in ihrer heutigen Ausgestaltung wäre ohne die politischen Arbeiten von John Locke nicht entstanden. Locke war einer der Ersten, der den Menschen natürliche Rechte auf Leben, Freiheit und Eigentum zugesprochen hat, unabhängig von konstitutionellen Systemen. Damit hatte er bereits im 17. Jahrhundert die moralische Basis für die politischen Systeme der Neuzeit geschaffen, wie sich beispielsweise an Überschneidungen der Lockeschen Theorie mit der amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitserklärung erkennen lässt. Locke war auch einer der Ersten, der Politik als einen Bestandteil der Moralphilosophie anerkannte und damit auch die Notwendigkeit einer moralischen Begründung von Staaten und Regierungen sah. Innerhalb der lockeschen Staatslehre findet sich insbesondere eine moralische Begründung des privaten Eigentums. Die Definition von privaten Eigentumsrechten ist einer der zentralen Punkte Lockes, ohne welche moderne kapitalistische Wirtschaftssysteme nicht funktionieren würden. Die moralische Legitimität dieser Systeme ist insbesondere seit dem Zusammenbruch der Lehman Brothers 2008 und der darauf folgenden weltweiten Wirtschaftskrise wieder im Diskurs. Dabei stehen insbesondere die zur Allgemeinheit völlig disproportionalen Gehälter von Topmanagern und anderen Wirtschaftsakteuren in der Kritik. Lockes "Zweite Abhandlung über die Regierung" wird oft als eine moralische Fundierung für die unlimitierte Aneignung von Besitz gesehen, weswegen ich es mir zur Aufgabe gemacht habe, dies näher zu beleuchten. Locke legitimiert in seinem Werk Eigentum naturrechtstheoretisch durch Arbeit. Er unterscheidet dabei zwei verschiedene Arten des Naturzustandes, den vor der Einführung von Geld und den danach. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, da erst im monetären Zustand die Möglichkeit de
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