Ist Existenz ein Prädikat?: Eine Untersuchung des Existenzbegriffs bei Kant und Frege
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: 1, 3, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Veranstaltung: Gegenstände, die es nicht gibt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zu den zentralen Fragen in der Philosophie zählt die Frage, ob Existenz ein Prädikat ist. Hier sollte zunächst berücksichtigt werden, dass mit 'Prädikat' kein grammatikalisches Prädikat gemeint ist; es steht daher nicht zur Debatte, ob das Vollverb 'existieren' bei Eigenschaftszuschreibungen wie 'ist ein Student' oder 'ist flei ig' die grammatikalische Funktion des Kopula-Verbs erfüllt und damit eine grammatikalische Kategorie darstellt (vgl. auch Reicher 2005, S. 193). Gemeint ist stattdessen die Frage, ob Existenz eine Eigenschaft oder ein Merkmal ist, das individuellen Gegenständen zu- oder abgeschrieben werden kann. Denn wenn es so wäre, dann entspräche ein Satz der Form 'a existiert' der logischen Form 'Fa', wobei 'F' ein genereller Term zur Bezeichnung eines Prädikatbegriffs und 'a' einen singulären Term zur Bezeichnung eines bestimmten Individuums darstellt. Somit geht es bei der Frage, ob Existenz ein Prädikat sei, darum, ob Existenz vernünftigerweise als logisches Prädikat betrachtet werden kann. - Mit anderen Worten: Welche ist die angemessene logische Interpretation des Existenzbegriffs? (vgl. ebd.) Die Beantwortung dieser Frage erfordert eine (logische) Analyse des Existenzbegriffs, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf der Grundlage von Texten Immanuel Kants beziehungsweise eines Texts von Gottlob Frege vorgenommen werden soll. Dabei wird folgende Untersuchungsfrage im Fokus des Interesses stehen: Wie interpretieren Kant und Frege den Existenzbegriff in logischer Hinsicht, und wie lassen sich ihre jeweiligen Positionen philosophisch beurteilen? Den Beginn bildet Kants Analyse des Existenzbegriffs (vgl. 2.1.). Die Textgrundlage ist in diesem Zusammenhang der Abschnitt Von der Unmöglichkeit eines ontolog
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