Julien Offray de La Mettrie: Die Wesensbestimmung des Menschen
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, Note: 2,0, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Institut für Philosophie), Veranstaltung: La Mettrie: Der Mensch eine Maschine, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Frage Was der Mensch sei, was sein Wesen bzw. seine Natur ausmache beschäftigt die Denker seit Anbeginn der Philosophie und ist Gegenstand der philosophischen Anthropologie. Auch La Mettrie setzt sich mit diesem Themenkomplex in seinem Werk Der Mensch als Maschine auseinander. Dabei steht der Mensch mit den wesensimmanenten Eigenschaften der Empfindungs-, Bewegungs- und Denkfähigkeit im Mittelpunkt seiner Auseinandersetzung. Traditionell wurden diese Vermögen als Funktionen der Seele angenommen, d.h. als Seelenvermögen charakterisiert: So erkennt Aristoteles die Seele als Grund für die vegetative Bewegung (Stoffwechsel und Fortpflanzung), die Selbstbewegung und die Wahrnehmungs- und Denkfähigkeit des organischen Lebens (SEIDL, HORST 1998: 413b ff). Die Fähigkeit des emotionalen Percipierens, also die Empfindungsfähigkeit, gliedert Aristoteles zwischen die beiden Seelenvermögen des Wahrnehmens und Denkens ein (GLOY, KAREN: 1984: 389-390) . Als Arzt und empirisch ausgerichteter Materialist möchte La Mettrie nun solche Seelenvermögen erklären, indem er die Vermögen auf eine materielle Basis zurückführt, sie aus der Materie, aus der Körperlichkeit des Menschen heraus erklärt oder in den Worten La Mettries: "indem man den Zugang zur Seele gleichsam über die Organe des Körpers sucht" (LASKA, BERND A. 2004: 21). Sein Verfahren um das "Labyrinth des Menschen" (LASKA, BERND A. 2004: 21) zu kartographieren, bedient sich eines methodischen Empirismus, welcher sich an der naturwissenschaftlichen Vorgehensweise von Beobachtung und Erfahrung orientiert (s. LASKA, BERND A. 2004: 20-21; 32; 43; 51). Folglich lässt La Mettrie nur solche Aussagen über das Wesen des Menschen gelten, welche sich anhand sinnlich wahrnehmbarer Fakten n
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