Kantische Pflichtethik und der Utilitarismus
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Praktische (Ethik, Ästhetik, Kultur, Natur, Recht, ...), Note: 1,0, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Immanuel Kants und John Stuart Mills moralphilosophische Konzepte liegen zeitlich ungefähr 80 Jahre auseinander, doch in den 80 Jahren zwischen Kants "Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten" und Mills "Utilitarianism" erlebte das Menschenbild der abendländischen Philosophie eine folgenreiche Transformation. Die entscheidende Wirkung ging von Charles Darwins Buch "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" (1859) aus. Kant und Mill gehen also von unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen aus und beantworten die Frage, was der Zweck moralischen Handelns ist, jeweils anders. Bei Kant ist der Zweck moralischen Handeln die Pflichterfüllung, bei Mill das grö te Glück der grö ten Zahl. Man sieht deutlich die unterschiedlichen Ausrichtungen der Moral: die Anhänger der Kantischen Moralphilosophie müssen sich der Prüfung durch die eigenen Vernunft unterziehen und fragen, ob sie gemä der Einsicht in die unbedingte Pflicht handelten. Die Utilitaristen interessiert die innere Welt des handelnden Subjekts nicht. Gemä dem Utilitarismus ist eine Handlung gut, wenn es durch sie niemandem schlechter geht, und mindestens einem besser geht, als vorher. Kant und Mill ziehen also keineswegs verschiedene Schlussfolgerungen aus derselben Weltanschauung, sondern stehen auf unterschiedlichen weltanschaulichen Fundamenten. Während für Kant die Vernunftwelt mit ihren Vernunftwahrheiten wie die Würde des Menschen genauso real ist wie die empirische Welt, bewegt sich Mills Argumentation ausschlie lich in der empirischen Welt, in der es allein um konkurrierende Interessen geht. In der praktischen Philosophie geht es nicht darum, erkenntnistheoretisch festzustellen, welches weltanschauliche Fundament mehr der Wahrheit entspricht. Es geht darum, welches moralphilosophische Konzept für d
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