Kommunale Modernisierungstendenzen: Die Schwächung des repräsentativ-demokratischen Systems in den Kommunen?
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Systeme - Politisches System Deutschlands, Note: 2,3, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Kommunen sind Bestandteile des Politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik. Als solche sind sie gerade in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in den Focus der politik- und verwaltungswissenschaftlichen Betrachtung geraten. Besonders die Veränderungen, denen die Kommunen seit den 1990er Jahren unterworfen sind, werden vermehrt thematisiert. Diese zeichnen sich vor allem in der Verwaltungsstruktur und im politischen Entscheidungssystem ab. Die chronischen finanziellen Engpässe der Kommunen und der Trend zu Managementstrategien im öffentlichen Sektor führten zu Modernisierungsansätzen innerhalb der Kommunen. Diese sollen in dieser Arbeit thematisiert werden. Besonderes Augenmerk soll hier nun auf die Verwaltungsmodernisierung - das Neue Steuerungsmodell - gelegt werden. Dieses soll Effizienz, Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit in die kommunalen Verwaltungsstrukturen einführen. Jedoch erfährt, durch die Trennung von Politik und Verwaltung durch das Neue Steuerungsmodell, das repräsentativ-demokratische System der Kommunen eine Schwächung. Dessen Einflussnahme auf die Kommunalverwaltung wird auf Zielvereinbarungen und Richtlinienvorgaben beschränkt, so dass zentrale Arbeits- und Aufgabenbereiche des Rates nun der Verwaltungsebene zugeordnet sind. Ein weiters Betrachtungsfeld stellt die kommunale Entscheidungssphäre dar. Diese wird durch die Urwahl der (Ober-) Bürgermeister und die Einführung weiterer direktdemokratischer Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten erheblich verändert. Die Stellung und Entscheidungsmöglichkeit der Bürger innerhalb der Kommunen wurde gestärkt. Ebendies ist auch in neuen Formen kooperativer Demokratie der Kommunen zu erkennen. Neue Institutionen wie Runde Tische oder Bürgerforen sollen Politik, Verwaltung und Bürgern die Möglichkeit eröffnen gemeinsam Lösungswege für spezifische P
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