Konflikte in der postkommunistischen Welt
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Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Politik - Region: Osteuropa, Note: 2, Universität Zürich, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die ansonst relativ verallgemeinernden Konflikttheorien auf eine bestimmte Region anzuwenden, indem die bisherigen Erklärungsansätze in ein regionalspezifisches Modell übertragen werden. Dabei werden die meisten Theorieansätze grob bestätigt: Die bisherigen Erklärungsvariablen - beispielsweise Demokratisierung und ethnische Zusammensetzung - scheinen auch in den postkommunistischen Staaten Einfluss auf das Eintreten eines Bürgerkrieges zu haben. Allerdings werden auch die Schwächen der Ansätze im Hinblick auf diese Region klar. So wurde das Hauptargument der Demokratisierungstheoretiker (z.B. Hegre et al. 2001, Mansfield&Snyder 1995) nicht bestätigt, dass anocracies anfälliger auf Konflikte sind, während Demokratien und Autokratien resistenter sein sollten. Trotzdem hat Demokratie starken Einfluss auf das Eintreten eines bewaffneten Konflikts - jedoch einen linearen: je demokratischer ein Staat, desto kleiner die Chance eines bewaffneten Konflikts. Die Stabilität von Autokratien kann aber nicht bestätigt werden. Wird diese Aussage noch mit der zusätzlichen Bedingung einer radikalen Demokratisierung ergänzt, kann gesagt werden, dass diese beiden Faktoren zusammen einen schnellen, friedlichen Übergang zu einem neuen, stabilen System ermöglichten. Diese Stabilität - oder Konsolidierung - führte dazu, dass die negativen Aspekte der Demokratisierung (beispielsweise die Ausweitung des politischen Spektrums, eine effiziente Entmachtung und Ersetzung der alten Elite sowie die Schwächung der zentralen Autorität) gröosstenteils durch neue Anreizsysteme - beispielsweise gleiche Rechte für alle oder Ausblick auf Teilhabe an ökonomischen Gewinnen - verhindert werden konnten. Auch die ethnischen Argumente der allgemeinen Konflikttheorie müssen in einigen wichtigen Aspekten modifiziert werden, um auf die postkomm
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