Kulturelle Erinnerungsprozesse und deren Zusammenhang mit dem Vergessen. Gedächtnistheorien und Schriftmetaphern
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Kulturwissenschaften - Allgemeines und Begriffe, Note: 2,0, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (Institut für deutsche Literatur und ihre Didaktik), Veranstaltung: Erinnerung. Literatur- und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Geschichte ist geprägt von verschiedenen Vorstellungen über die Funktionsweise des Gedächtnisses. Dabei wird das Gedächtnis in Speicher- und Funktionsgedächtnis unterteilt, welche zusammen das kulturelle Gedächtnis bilden. Beide stehen im Gegensatz zueinander und werden im zweiten Kapitel genauer erläutert. Jede Epoche hat eigene Gedächtnismetaphern und so wird im dritten Kapitel auf die Schriftmetaphern eingegangen. Diese sind mit der Erfindung der Schrift entstanden und bilden die ersten Gedächtnismetaphern. Dabei geht es vor allem um die historischen Versuche, sich das Gedächtnis verständlich zu machen. Harald Weinrich unterscheidet dabei zwei Formen der Gedächtnismetaphern: Magazin- und Wachstafelmetaphern. Magazinmetaphern verstehen das Gedächtnis als einen Komplex, wie beispielsweise Bibliotheken oder Enzyklopädien. Die Wachstafelmetaphern finden ihren Ursprung in Platons Überlegungen zur Schrift, welche Freud als "Wunderblock" weiterentwickelt. Bei dieser Schreibmetapher kann einmal gelöschtes wieder sichtbar gemacht werden. Er enthält also "in seiner Wachsschicht zugleich ein vergängliches und ein dauerhaftes Gedächtnis". Freud beschreibt mit dieser Metapher, dass man sich auch an bereits vergessenes wieder zurückerinnern kann, was unter anderem über Psychoanalyse durch Psychoanalytiker geschehen kann. Markus Krajewski beschreibt das Vergessen als ein "tabula rasa". Es ist nicht möglich, etwas aus seinem Gedächtnis zu löschen, es sei nur verborgen und müsse in den Vordergrund gebracht werden. Mit der Zeit findet ein stetiger Wechsel der Gedächtnistheorien und -metaphern statt, da sich die Technik immer weiter verändert.
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