L´acquisition simultanée de deux langues premières: fusion ou différenciation de deux systèmes grammaticaux?
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Travail d'étude de l'année 2002 dans le domaine Science de Langue / Linguistique (interdisciplinaire), Universität Hamburg, langue: français, résumé La question qui se pose fréquemment dans les études sur le bilinguisme est de savoir si les enfants bilingues sont capables de différencier leurs langues maternelles. Volterra & Taeschner (1978) observent une haute pourcentage d énoncés mélangés par rapport aux énoncés non-mélangés dans les phrases à deux mots produites par des enfants bilingues pendant la tranche d âge de 2;5 ans à 3;3 ans. Les auteurs interprètent la haute pourcentage du mélange de codes dans les phrases à deux mots à ce stade développemental initial comme de l évidence pour la fusion des deux systèmes grammaticaux au niveau syntaxique et pour la différenciation de la compétence grammaticale au niveau lexical pendant cet espace de temps. C est seulement à base de cette interprétation que Volterra & Taeschner (1978) postulent l existence d une étape acquisitionnelle intermédiare pendant l acquisition simultanée de deux langues premières à laquelle les deux systemes grammaticaux ne sont pas encore differenciés au niveau syntaxique. Ainsi cette étape acquisitionnelle intermédiare se caractérise par la séparation de la compétence grammaticale au niveau lexical et par la fusion des deux systèmes grammaticaux au niveau syntaxique en même temps. Cette étape acquisitionnelle intermédiaire représente le deuxième stade du modèle à trois phases de l acquisition simultanée de deux langues premières postulé par Volterra & Taeschner (1978). Partant d une fusion initiale des deux systèmes grammaticaux d un enfant bilingue Volterra & Taeschner (1978) proposent un modèle à trois phases au sujet de l acquisition simultanée de deux langues premières.
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