Le coût d opportunité de la guerre
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Nombreux sont les pays qui vivent aujourd'hui dans un �tat de guerre et de conflits violents. Ces pays supportent ainsi des co�ts importants qu'ils soient directs ou indirects. Toutefois, les effets de la guerre sont encourus sur le long terme et emp�chent le processus de d�veloppement �conomique du pays concern�. Dans cette th�se, nous nous int�ressons � l'analyse du co�t d'opportunit� de la guerre. Cette analyse est reli�e � la fois au prix de la vie humaine et au prix des destructions mat�rielles. Plusieurs �conomistes ont d�finit et ont estim� le co�t d'opportunit� de la guerre. Ce type d'estimation exige des hypoth�ses sur la mani�re dont l'�conomie aurait fonctionn� en absence de la guerre. Cependant, ce genre de calcul n'est pas tr�s �labor�. Notre travail de recherche se concentre sur le calcul de ce co�t pour la guerre que le Liban a v�cu entre 1975 et 1990. Nous nous int�ressons au fonctionnement de l'�conomie libanaise, non pas uniquement pour la p�riode de la guerre mais aussi pour la p�riode post�rieure � celle-ci. Les m�thodes de calcul que nous utilisons sont inspir�es des d�finitions du co�t d'opportunit� donn�es par Jean Baptiste Say et par la Banque mondiale.
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