Dr. Peter Kalivas, Ph.D., is Director of the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program and Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology at Washington State University., Dr. Kalivas received his B.S. degree from Western Washington University in 1974 with a major in biology. In 1980 he received a Ph.D. in pharmacology at the University of Washington School of Medicine., After two years as a postdoctoral fellow in the Biological Sciences Research Center at the University of North Carolina, he became an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Louisiana State University Medical Center in New Orleans. He moved to Washington State University in 1984 where he was made Director of the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program in 1989 and promoted to Professor of Pharmacology in 1990., Dr. Kalivas is a member of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, International Society for Neurochemistry, Society for Neuroscience and the Union of Concerned Scientists. He is the recipient of grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Drug Abuse. He has authored more than 100 papers and edited five books., Dr. Kalivas' research interests concern the topic of this book. He is studying the neural mechanisms whereby motivationally relevant environmental stimuli are translated into adaptive motor responses and the role they may play in psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse., Dr. Charles D. Barnes, Ph.D., is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Washington State University., Dr. Barnes received his B.S. degree from Montana State University in 1958 with double majors in biology and physics. In 1961 he received an M.S. degree in physiology and biophysics from the University of Washington, and in 1962 he earned his Ph.D. in physiology from the University of Iowa., After two years as a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Pharmacology at the University of California at San Francisco, he became Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Indiana University in 1964. He advanced to Associate Professor in 1968, and in 1971 became Professor of Life Sciences at Indiana State University. In 1975 he was named Chairman of the Department of Physiology at Texas Tech University College of Medicine, where he remained until taking his present position in 1983., Dr. Barnes is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Association of Anatomists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Physiological Society, American Association of Veterinary Anatomists, American Society of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics, American Society of Veterinary Physiologists and Pharmacologists, Association of Veterinary Anatomy Chairpersons, Association of Chairmen of Departments of Physiology, International Brain Research Organization, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Society for Neuroscience, Society of General Physiologists, and the Western Pharmacological Society. He has been the recipient of many research grants from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation., Dr. Barnes is the author of more than 160 papers and has been the author or editor of 19 books. His current research interests relate to the modulation of nervous system output by centers in the brainstem., George F. Alheid, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatric Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, Andrea J. Bourdelais, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Psychiatry Service/Dept. of Psychiatry, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT/New Haven, CT, David L. Braff, M.D., Professor/Director of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego/UC San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, CA/San Diego, CA, Stefan M. Brudzynski, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Departments of Physiology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, S. Barak Caine Predoctoral Fellow, Departments of Neuropharmacology/Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute/University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Lynn Churchill, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, Ariel Y. Deutch, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology/Psychiatry Service, Yale University School of Medicine/Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Haven, CT/West Haven, CT, Gary S. Figiel, M.D., Assistant Professor/Director, Electro-Convulsive Therapy, Department of Psychiatry, Emory Univ. School of Medicine/Wesley Woods Geriatric Hospital, Atlanta, GA, Edgar Garcia-Rill, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Anatomy and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Mark A. Geyer, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Jeannie Giacchino, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Research Associate, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, Steven J. Henriksen, Ph.D., Associate Member, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, Lennart Heimer, M.D., Professor, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, Steven W. Johnson, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, Peter W. Kalivas, Ph.D., Professor and Director Alcohol Program, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, Mark A. Klitenick, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, George F. Koob, Ph.D., Professor/Adjunct Professor, Departments of Neuropharmacology/Psychology and Psychiatry, The Scripps Research Institute/University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Barbara K. Lipska, Ph.D., Visiting Associate, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Programs/NIH/NIMH, Washington, D.C., Athina Markou, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, Gordon J. Mogenson, Ph.D. (In memoriam), Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies, and Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, T. Celeste Napier, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, FL, Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, R. Alan North, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Professor/Senior Scientist, Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, Eric K. Richfield, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, Patricia Robledo, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, Vincent Seutin, M.D., Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow, Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, Robert D. Skinner, PhD, Professor, Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Neal R. Swerdlow, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Residence, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Daniel R. Weinberger, M.D., Chief, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Programs, NIH/NIMH, Washington, D.C., Michael Wu, B.Sc., Research Technologist, Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Charles R. Yang, Ph.D., Research Scientist, Neuroscience Unit, Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Conrad C.Y. Yim, M.D., Ph.D., Medical Resident, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Daniel S. Zahm, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
