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Les certitudes se font rares dans un monde o� nous sommes, toujours davantage, soumis au probable, aussi bien dans le registre du savoir que dans celui de l'action. Paradoxalement, le fait que l'incertain est ma�tre de la nature comme de la soci�t� constitue l'une de celles qui organise nos existences. Si vivre c'est se r�soudre � faire face au risque, il faudra sans doute se raccrocher � la survivante de l'infernale bo�te de Pandore, l'esp�rance. La logique inductive fait en quelque sorte ce choix: moins assur�e que sa consoeur d�ductive, elle fait cependant fructifier tout un nouveau style de rigueur venu ma�triser la probabilit� au fil des quatre derniers si�cles.
Ne nous y trompons pas: la modestie technique de ce livre et la simplicit� de son style ne doivent pas inciter � sous-estimer l'ampleur des questions philosophiques abord�es ici, souvent avec humour. C'�tait d'ailleurs le pari � relever: pr�senter un texte vivant et accessible au plus grand nombre, mais susceptible de stimuler aussi bien le philosophe inquiet du hasard que le scientifique d�sireux de prendre le temps de r�fl�chir, peut-�tre autrement, � des concepts fondamentaux ou familiers dans sa pratique. M�me le joueur inv�t�r� devrait y trouver, sinon son compte, du moins quelques d�fis !
Au fil des chapitres le lecteur croisera des mises au point sur les concepts �l�mentaires de la logique inductive, un expos� des enjeux associ�s au probable et une initiation � la th�orie de la d�cision. Il d�couvrira quelques grandes figures du domaine et disposera d'un aper�u sur les divers points de vue qui s'y affrontent. En fin de chapitre, des exercices d'applications lui permettront de se faire la main sur les notions examin�es. A l'issue du p�riple, il sera � m�me d'�valuer l'ampleur du fameux probl�me philosophique de l'induction, ainsi que la port�e de diverses tentatives cens�es le r�soudre ou du moins le dissoudre.
Aucune ma�trise pr�alable en logique formelle ou en math�matiques - hormis les quatre op�rations ! - n'est requise pour prendre le risque de la lecture.
Ian Hacking est professeur au Coll�ge de France et � l'Universit� de Toronto. Son enseignement porte sur la philosophie et l'histoire des concepts scientifiques.
Michel Dufour, chercheur au CEA, est ma�tre de conf�rences en philosophie au d�partement Information et Communication de l'Universit� de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.
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