Makrina und Marcella. Eine Untersuchung des Askese-Bildungs-Verhältnisses in der Spätantike
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Theologie - Historische Theologie, Kirchengeschichte, Note: 1,0, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der Antike umschloss Askese weitaus mehr als blo den einsamen Asketen, der als Eremit dem griechischen Grundwort des Mönchtums, nämlich monos (μονός), was so viel wie allein bedeutet, folgte. Vielmehr begannen Asketen, abseits vom hl. Antonius oder Evagrius Ponticus, sich in dieser Phase auch gemeinschaftlich zu organisieren. Hier findet sich also die Geburtsstunde des Mönchtums wieder. Gleichsam durften und konnten auch Frauen an dieser Entwicklung partizipieren und sie auch eigenständig beeinflussen. Hierbei nehmen vornehmlich Makrina "die Jüngere" und Marcella aus Rom eine hervorzuhebende Pionierstellung ein. Beiden Frauen gelang es eine eigenständige Form der gemeinschaftlichen Askese um sich herum zu statuieren und sie schafften darüber hinaus auch einen Raum in dem Bildung tradiert und vervielfältigt werden konnte. Diese Form der Askese kann also als erster Schritt weg von dem Eremitentum hin zum Mönchtum gewertet werden, in dem dann wiederum das Moment der Bildung im Blick auf die Bibliotheken, das Skriptorum und die Klosterschulen eine ganz neuen Stellenwert erlangte. Die Frage jedoch lautet, inwieweit die Bildung in der Antike die Askese bedingt hat, oder, ob das Verhältnis von Askese und Bildung als eine wechselseitige Beziehung verstanden werden kann? Um diese Frage hinreichend erörtern zu können, werden zwei zentrale Quellen zu den beiden erwähnten gelehrten Frauen der Antike einer untergliederten Quellenanalyse unterzogen, ehe abschlie end die Ergebnisse abgeglichen werden können.
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