McTaggarts Irrealitätsbeweis der Zeit
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2002 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts, Note: 1,0, Universität Duisburg-Essen (Fachbereich 1 Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Hauptseminar: Das Zeitproblem in der modernen Philosophie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: "It doubtless seems highly paradoxical to assert that Time is unreal, and that all statements which involve its reality are erroneous. [...] So decisive a breach with that natural position is not to be lightly accepted." Mit diesen Worten beginnt John M. E. McTaggart seinen 1908 erschienenen Aufsatz "The unreality of Time" und gab damit den Ansto zur sprachanalytischen Zeitphilosophie. Wie wird Zeit erfahren? Welche Faktoren sind ma geblich für die Zeit? Wie lange dauert die Gegenwart eines Ereignisses an? Wann geht es in die Vergangenheit über? Ist Zeit subjektiv oder objektiv? Diese Fragen berührt McTaggart in seinem Aufsatz und gelangt bei ihrer Beantwortung zu dem Ergebnis, dass Zeit nicht real sein kann. McTaggart ist sich von vornherein im Klaren darüber, dass sein Irrealitätsbeweis ein Bruch mit der Common sense-Auffassung von Zeit bedeutet und viele Kritiker auf den Plan rufen wird. Dem vorzubeugen brachte er selbst einige naheliegende Einwände ein, die er zu widerlegen wusste. Doch blieb Kritik selbstverständlich nicht aus. Etwas derart allgegenwärtig Erscheinendes, wie die Zeit, als irreal zu entlarven, beschäftigt die Philosophie seit nunmehr fast einem Jahrhundert Die vorliegende Arbeit geht deshalb der Frage nach, ob McTaggart zu seiner Annahme der Irrealität der Zeit berechtigt ist oder ob er nicht doch einem Trugschluss unterliegt. Untersucht wird dies zum einen mit Hilfe von Kants Zeitbestimmungen, auf die McTaggart sich unterstützend beruft, zum anderen mit McTaggart-kritischen Aufsätzen von Michael Dummett und D. H. Mellor. Im folgenden Kapitel soll zunächst McTaggarts Irrealitätsbeweis der Zeit dargestellt werden. Zeit wird, McTaggart zufolge, auf zweierlei Art wahrgenommen. 1) Ein Ereigni
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