Michael Friedman über "Erklären" und "Verstehen" in der Wissenschaft
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: 1,6, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Institut für Theaterwissenschaft), Veranstaltung: Von Wright: Erklären und Verstehen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Dinge erklären und verstehen zu wollen, ist für uns Menschen ein Grundbedürfnis. Wir sind neugierig und wollen wissen, warum eine Sache ist, wie sie ist. Warum z. B. hat das Haus gebrannt? Der Blitz ist darin eingeschlagen und hat es in Brand gesteckt. Was kann dagegen getan werden? Metall leitet Strom, der Blitz sucht sich immer die höchste Stelle, in die er einschlagen kann, bei Erdung wird die Kraft des Blitzes abgeleitet. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen baute man den Blitzableiter für das Haus. So wurde das Haus davor geschützt, dass der Blitz erneut einschlägt. Also befriedigt das Verstehen und Erklären nicht nur die Neugier, sondern hat auch einen praktischen Nutzen: der Mensch kann gezielt seine Umwelt beeinflussen. So sind unsere primitivsten Werkzeuge, unsere kompliziertesten Computer und unsere Wissenschaften entstanden. Doch wie funktioniert der Prozess des Erklärens und Verstehens? Was für Arten des Erklärens gibt es und wie hängt Erklären und Verstehen zusammen, wie beziehen sich diese beiden Vorgänge aufeinander? Welche Eigenschaften muss eine Erklärung besitzen, um der Wissenschaft zu genügen? Diesen Fragen ist Friedman nachgegangen. Hier wird sich auf Friedman und seinen Aufsatz Explanation and Scientific Understanding bezogen und dessen Kernpunkte wiedergegeben.
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