Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Entwicklungspolitk am Beispiel der HIPC-Initiative
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Afrikawissenschaften - Sonstiges, Note: 1,3, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Afrikanistik), Veranstaltung: Wirtschaftspolitik in Afrika, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Hausarbeit betrachtet den Einfluss der HIPC-Initiative und die Schuldensituation in Entwicklungsländern und versucht zu beurteilen, ob diese Initiative ein effektives Mittel zur Armutsbekämpfung in diesen Ländern darstellt. Heutzutage leben ca. 18% der Weltbevölkerung in extremer Armut. Das hei t, dass sie über weniger als 1 $ pro Tag verfügen. Weitere 40% müssen mit weniger als 2 $ pro Tag auskommen. Unter anderem daraus resultiert, dass weltweit ca. 840 Millionen Menschen unter Hunger leiden (vgl. Collier:2007). Der Prozentsatz der extrem Armen ist zwar prozentual weltweit leicht zurückgegangen, aber diese Entwicklung ist fast ausschlie lich auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Südostasien und China zurückzuführen. In den Regionen, in denen kein ökonomischer Aufschwung stattfand, ist die Zahl der Armen nach Informationen der Global Economic Prospects der Weltbank weiter steigend. Ebenso nimmt die Kluft zwischen Arm und Reich im weltweiten Vergleichsma stab stetig zu. Allein zwischen 1988 bis 1993 stieg der Gini-Index um 4,4 Punkte; eine Tendenz, die in den folgenden Jahren nur geringfügig abnahm (vgl. HDR 2008). Armut ist ein Problem, das nicht von den betroffenen Ländern allein gelöst werden kann. Die vergangenen Jahrzehnte haben verschiedenartige Konzepte der Armutsbewältigung hervorgebracht, die sich in punkto der angenommen Ursachen von Armut gegeneinander abgrenzen und auf dieser Grundlage in unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen zur Bekämpfung von Elend mündeten. In den Millennium Development Goals der Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen wurde die Armutsbekämpfung als oberstes Ziel für das neue Jahrtausend angegeben. Bis 2015 soll im Vergleich zu 1990 die Zahl der Armen, die mit weniger als einem Dollar pro Tag auskommen müssen,
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