Nikolaus von Autrécourts Modell des gesicherten Wissens in Abgrenzung zu damals gängigen Konzepten
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie der Neuzeit (ca. 1350-1600), Note: 1, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Veranstaltung: Nikolaus von Autrécourt, der Hume des Mittelalters, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Seminararbeit befasst sich mit einem Vergleich zwischen Nikolaus von Autrécourt, einem Nominalisten, und Aristoteles, einem Realisten bzw. dessen Vertreter, dessen und deren Lehrmeinung diese Zeit durchaus prägte, allerdings immer wieder kritisiert wurde. Besonders ins Auge gefasst werden dabei vor allem die Begriffe der Substanz und Kausalität, welche Nikolaus von Autrécourt in der Auseinandersetzung mit der Philosophie des Aristoteles, wie sie von der scholastischen Philosophie des 14. Jahrhunderts rezipiert wurde, in Frage stellte. Dazu wird zu Beginn der Arbeit das Leben und die Lehre der beiden Philosophen kurz dargestellt. Im Folgenden wird auf das für Nikolaus von Autrécourts Lehre zentrale erste Prinzip - das Prinzip des Widerspruchs - sowie auf die Bedingungen für glaubhafte Wahrheiten eingegangen, da sicheres Wissen laut ihm nur in der Übereinstimmung mit diesem Prinzip erreicht werden kann. Anschlie end wird dargelegt, inwiefern Autrécourt Aristoteles' Substanz- und Kausalitätsbegriff kritisiert, wozu davor allerdings die jeweiligen Begriffe im aristotelischen Sinne dargestellt werden. Abschlie end werden die Ergebnisse nochmals kurz zusammengefasst. Das Mittelalter wird als eine Zeit des Wandels aufgefasst, in der neben den bisher bevorzugten Institutionen der Lehre sowie Formen des Unterrichts auch die Auffassung dessen, was als wissenswert betrachtet wird, und speziell, was in einem engeren Sinn als gewusst gilt, einer Veränderung unterliegen. So bedarf das Wissen, das in der Kenntnis eines singulären Sachverhaltes besteht sowie auf einen systematischen Zusammenhang ausgerichtet ist, einer Reflexion. Die daraus folgende Erkenntnis ordnet das Wissen aufgrund des gewollten Standes der Erkenntnis von konkreten Diszi
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