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Peter Singer und der Utilitarismus by Thiel, Agnes

Peter Singer und der Utilitarismus

by Agnes Thiel
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Book cover type: Paperback
  • ISBN13: 9783656284215
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Subject: N/A
  • Publisher: Grin Verlag
  • Publisher Imprint: Grin Verlag
  • Publication Date:
  • Pages: 22
  • Original Price: USD 23.9
  • Language: German
  • Edition: N/A
  • Item Weight: 41 grams
  • BISAC Subject(s): History & Surveys / Modern

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Note: 1,5, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Philosophische Fakultät), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Alle vergangenen Kulturen und Gesellschaften kannten für ihre Mitglieder verbindliche Vorschriften und Gesetze. Diese waren in der Regel religiös legitimiert. Es ist aber ein zentrales Merkmal der abendländischen Kultur, dass sie im Zuge und als Folge der Reformation, der Aufklärung und der allgemeinen Säkularisierung - wie es M. Weber formulierte - in religiöser Hinsicht entzaubert wurde. Diese Entzauberung der Welt hat Auswirkungen auf die Gesetzgebung der Menschen. Die Gesetzgebung der modernen Staaten beruht nicht mehr auf religiös legitmierten Normen. Vor allem der Utilitarismus verlangt heute eine rationale, vernunftgemä e Begründung der Ethik. Auch für Peter Singer gelten nur rational begründbare und nicht religiöse Argumente (s. u.). Bahn brechend war hier Hobbes Vertragstheorie, deren Grundgedanke ja darin besteht, dass legitime Souveränität gänzlich ohne göttliches Eingreifen funktioniert und ausschlie lich auf der Basis eines Vertrages zwischen gleichberechtigten Menschen entsteht. Der Souverän ist der unbeteiligte Dritte, auf den das Recht auf alles des Naturzustandes übertragen wird. Der Leviathan bietet dafür - quasi als Gegenleistung - Sicherheit, Frieden und Wohlstand. Bei Hobbes deutet sich also das erste Mal an, was Kennzeichen aller Gesetzgebung der Neuzeit sein wird: Wenn es keine Rückbindung an Gott mehr gibt, dann sind die Menschen auf sich selbst zurückgeworfen; sie müssen dann untereinander verbindliche Regeln schaffen, die mit der Vernunft einsehbar sind und allgemeine Verbindlichkeit beanspruchen müssen. Der Utilitarismus ist eine Geistesströmung, die genau diesen Anspruch erhebt: allgemein verbindliche Normen sollen mit wissenschaftlichem Handwerkszeug begründet werden. Wegweisend war Benthams Forderung, die Moralphilosophie müsse s

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