Pragmatismus bei Charles S. Peirce. Übergang vom Korrespondenzbegriff zum Konsensbegriff der Wahrheit
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Theoretische (Erkenntnis, Wissenschaft, Logik, Sprache), Note: 2,0, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (Institut für Philosophie), Veranstaltung: Seminar Erkenntnistheorie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht die Frage zu klären, welche Gründe in der Peirceschen Darlegung des Pragmatismus für die Weiterentwicklung oder Transformation der Korrespondenztheorie zur Konsenstheorie der Wahrheit vorliegen. In diesem Kontext erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Konsenstheorie und deren erkenntnistheoretischen Implikationen im Allgemeinen sowie im Speziellen mit dem konsensualen Kriterium, welches im Mittelpunkt dieser Wahrheitskonzeption steht. Für Peirce ist der Pragmatismus eine Methode der Begriffsklärung, die sich in erster Linie auf die Wissenschaft erstreckt. Er wendet sich gegen den Intellektualismus und die Abstraktionen der Metaphysik und revolutioniert die Erkenntnistheorie ma gebend. Das Hauptanliegen der Erkenntnislehre, welche Erkenntnis als eine wahre, gerechtfertigte Überzeugung definiert, besteht in der Frage, wie begründet werden kann, dass eine Überzeugung oder ein Glaube wahr ist. Die zentralen erkenntnistheoretischen Hauptströmungen neben dem Pragmatismus, also der Rationalismus, Empirismus und Kritizismus, führen zur Klärung dieser Frage verschiedene Evidenzkriterien an, die sich jedoch allesamt auf die Korrespondenztheorie der Wahrheit stützen. Wahrheit ist demnach die Übereinstimmung einer Aussage über die Realität mit der Realität. Peirce hingegen verschiebt den Fokus im Gefüge der erkenntnistheoretischen Substanz aus Wahrheit, Rechtfertigung und Überzeugung.
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