Psychodynamik und Möglichkeiten zur Psychotherapie Straffälliger
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Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Forensische Psychologie, Strafvollzug, Note: 2, Technische Universität Chemnitz (Philosophische Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Abweichendes Verhalten, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Um feststellen zu können ob und welche Störung der Persönlichkeit bei einem Menschen vorliegt, muss geklärt werden wie eine Persönlichkeit bzw. ein Charakter entsteht. Zum näheren Verständnis soll hier die Persönlichkeitstheorie in Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalyse herangezogen werden. Freud geht in seinem allgemeinen Menschenbild davon aus, dass alle menschlichen Aktivitäten durch die Verarbeitung von Energie hervorgerufen werden. Diese Energie entsteht durch körperliche Spannungszustände, den Trieben. Er spricht von drei psychischen Instanzen, welche die Verarbeitung von Energie regeln. Er nennt sie das ES, das ICH und das ÜBER-ICH. Bei der Geburt ist nur das ES vorhanden. Es ist dem "Lustprinzip" unterworfen, d.h. Es strebt an sofort Energie zu entladen. Es sucht Lust und vermeidet den Schmerz. Durch Kontakt mit der Au enwelt bildet sich im Laufe der Entwicklung aus einigen Teilen des Es das Ich heraus. Das Ich vermittelt zwischen dem Es und der Au enwelt. Einerseits versucht es den Einfluss der Au enwelt zu ändern durch bestimmte Verhaltensweisen, wie z.B. Flucht, Anpassung, andererseits versucht das Ich die Triebansprüche des Es einzudämmen. (Asendorpf, 1996) Das Über-Ich ist entstanden durch die Werthaltung und den sozialen Normen, die durch die Eltern oder Vorbildern vermittelt wurden. Diese vermittelten Normen wurden verinnerlicht und führten zu einer Eigendynamik im Ich. "Das Über-Ich beobachtet das Ich und suche es anstelle der Eltern und Vorbilder zu kontrollieren." (Asendorpf 1996, S.16) Kurz gesagt, bedeutet das für das Ich, es muss zwischen dem ES, der Au enwelt und dem Über-Ich vermitteln. Dieses von Freud bezeichnete Seelenleben findet auf drei Bewusstseinsebenen statt. Die bewusste Ebene beinhaltet Inhalte des momentanen Be
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