Quarks. Eine Analyse ihrer Eigenschaften und Entdeckungsgeschichte
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Facharbeit (Schule) aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Physik - Kernphysik, Teilchenphysik, Molekularphysik, Festkörperphysik, Note: 2,0, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit geht es um die Entdeckung der ersten Quark-Generation (Up, Down). Dabei werden das zugrunde liegende Postulat und das Experiment, das zur Entdeckung führte, beschrieben. Warum die Suche nach Quarks? Eine berechtigte Frage, immerhin funktionierte alles mit dem früheren Modell sehr gut. Die Theorie der Hadronen als kleinste Bausteine war elegant, was Physikern sehr wichtig ist, aber noch viel wichtiger, sie funktionierte in den meisten aller Fällen. Jedoch gab es drei Anomalien, die die Physiker der damaligen Zeit stutzig werden lie en. Zum einen gab es eine exorbitant hohe Menge an "kleinsten" Teilchen . Es war nicht nur eine unelegante Lösung, sondern auch unerklärbar, weshalb es so viele Grundbausteine der Materie geben sollte. Doch dieser Umstand konnte trotz der geringen Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Laune der Natur sein, immerhin hat niemand eine Ahnung, wie wir uns den Aufbau des Kosmos vorstellen können. Denn es gibt auf solchen Grö enskalen keine Anhaltspunkte mehr an denen man sich orientieren könnte und umso tiefer man vordringt, umso fantastischer wird es. Neben der gro en Menge an Elementarbausteinen als offensichtlichstes Problem stie man bei Experimenten an Teilchenbeschleunigern auf zwei weitere Probleme. Als man nämlich einzelne Nukleonen, also Neutronen oder Protonen, mit hochenergetischen Elektronen beschoss, wich der Wirkungsquerschnitt der Streuung der Elektronen von den prognostizierten Werten ab. Genauer handelt es sich bei dem Wirkungsquerschnitt σ um die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass zwischen dem einfallenden Teilchen und dem Target (hier das Nukleon als Target und Elektronen als einfallende Teilchen) eine Reaktion, also Streuung, Absorption, und so weiter, stattfindet. Der beobachtete Wirkungsquerschnitt glich dem einer Streuung an strukturierten Objekten. Das war jedoc
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