Rolle von Auxinen während der Entwicklung höherer Pflanzen
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Biologie - Entwicklungsbiologie, Note: 1,0, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Seit mehr als 100 Jahren stellt das Phytohormon Auxin (aus dem griechischem αὐξάνω auxano "wachsen") ein weitgefächertes Feld für die Pflanzenforschung dar, welches noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft zu sein scheint. Seit den ersten untersuchten Effekten von Auxin auf den Phototropismus und Gravitropismus wurden bereits vielzählige weitere Funktionen dieses Hormons im Pflanzenkörper aufgedeckt. Auf zellulärer Ebene wirkt Auxin auf die Zellteilung, -differenzierung und -elongation und hat damit z. B. wesentlichen Einfluss auf Entwicklungsprozesse während der Embryogenese und Organogenese. Des Weiteren spielt das Hormon eine Rolle bei der Seneszenz, der Pathogenantwort, abiotischen Stressantworten und der Abszission (zusammengefasst in Sauer et al., 2013). Die folgende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die für die Entwicklung höherer Pflanzen bedeutenden Auswirkungen und ermöglicht eine grobe Einsicht in die Vielfältigkeit von natürlichen Auxinen. Zu Beginn wird ein Überblick über Prozesse der Homöostase wie Auxinbiosynthese, -inaktivierung, -abbau und -transport gegeben. Anschlie end wird auf die Auxinrezeptoren und -signalwege näher eingegangen um die molekularen und zellulären Effekte des Phytohormons zu erläutern. Der Hauptteil schlie lich beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle von Auxin während der Embryogenese und Organogenese. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf grundlegenden Entwicklungsprozessen wie der Achsenbildung, der Meristementwicklung und der postembryonalen Bildung lateraler Organe, wie Blätter und Wurzeln.
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