San Basilio de Palenque. Geschichte, Kultur und Sprache der Nachfahren der Negros Cimarrones in Kolumbien
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Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Romanistik - Sonstiges, Note: 1,3, Universität Potsdam (Romanistik), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der folgenden Arbeit soll dargestellt werden, aus welchen Gründen die überwiegende Anzahl der Palenqueros trotz der starken Identifizierung mit ihrer eigenen Kultur anfangs eine sehr kritische Haltung gegenüber dem Programm der Etnoeducación eingenommen hat. San Basilio de Palenque ist ein Dorf in Nordkolumbien, welches im Vorgebirge der Montes de María ca. 50 km von der Stadt Cartagena de Indias entfernt liegt. Im siebzehnten Jahrhundert von Sklavenflüchtlingen gegründet, bekam es als eine der ersten Siedlungen den Autonomiestatus von der spanischen Kolonialmacht zugesprochen. Die aufgrund von fehlender infrastruktureller Anbindung bis in die Siebzigerjahre zwangsläufig bestehende isolierte Lage des Dorfes unterstützte den Prozess der Wahrung der in Kolumbien einzigartigen Traditionen dieser Gemeinschaft. Derzeit leben um die 3500 Einwohner vor Ort. Durch die Isolation begünstigt, erhielt sich die Kreolsprache Palenquero, welche eine der drei weltweit existierenden spanisch basierten Kreolsprachen verkörpert. Weiterhin zählen dazu das Papiamentu, das auf den ABC-Inseln gesprochen wird und das Chabacano, das als Oberbegriff für die auf den Philippinen verwendeten Varietäten dient. Das Palenquero gilt als Sprachinsel, auch Enklave genannt, da es sich um eine so genannte geschlossene Sprachgemeinschaft handelt, die von einer anderen Sprachgemeinschaft umgeben wird, dem Kastilischen Kolumbiens. Bis in das 20. Jahrhundert hinein war die Geschichte der Palenqueros geprägt von der Diskriminierung durch die wei e Gesellschaft, denn seit Beginn des transatlantischen Sklavenhandels wurden die Comunidades Negras als eine der spanischen Kolonialmacht untergeordnete Ethnie betrachtet, deren Versklavung sich durch ihre Ungläubigkeit rechtfertigen lie . Erst im Jahre 1991 wurden die Comunidades Negras als ethnische Minderheiten i
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