Secularização: Introdução ao estudo sobre o Processo de Secularização
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O processo de secularização, prenúncio da passagem do período Medieval para o período Moderno da historia ocidental, estabeleceu-se como sendo a transferência dos centros de decisão e saber da vida religiosa para a vida laica. Este processo determinou-se pela retirada do domínio da Igreja Católica Romana do direito de estabelecer a circunscrição do dogma religioso da fé, alicerce de uma teologia estabelecida em função de um poder eclesiástico que dominara a metafísica durante longos anos na idade media principalmente pelo fato de a Igreja Católica Romana ser única herdeira do espólio Grego/Romano na tradição filosófica do ocidente. Podemos fundamentar este processo de 'passagem', em função de conflitos que radicalizaram posições mantidas em 'certo' equilíbrio durante o medievo. O conflito entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado Nacional nascente (o poder laico), a fragmentação da Igreja católica e no Campo específico da filosofia, a razão e o pensamento como alicerce de contraposição as teses de uma filosofia 'Realista'. Tanto do Estado Nacional a Igreja Católica, da fragmentação religiosa e da filosofia realista à razão e o pensamento, foram momentos que na sua radicalidade contribuíram para estabelecer um movimento que na sua síntese projetou o homem como referência à própria razão. Este trabaljo, tendo em vista esse pano de fundo tratará deste tema como segue: do conflito do estado nacional e da igreja católica, da fragmentação da igreja católica romana, da metafísica realista às origens do idealismo subjetivista, a origem do idealismo subjetivista à substancia realista contraria a substancia cartesiana. Com isto buscaremos entender que a solução apresentada por Descartes para o problema da substância então, projeta-se para as 'totalidades infinitas', e para a compreensão da infinitude da matéria, buscando se aperceber do quantitativo e relegando o qualitativo a parcela experiencial do sujeito, de fixar as propriedades da substância, a matéria. O que se pensa concluir sobre o processo de secularização, tendo Descartes como um de seus expoentes, se não o principal, é que a modernidade por esta via efetiva projeta a consciência do homem no infinito.
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